ANALISIS KEJADIAN SERANGAN WHITE SPOT SYNDROME VIRUS (WSSV) DENGAN BEBERAPA PARAMETER KUALITAS AIR PADA BUDI DAYA UDANG WINDU MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM TANDON DAN PROBIOTIK

Abstract

Munculnya serangan White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) pada udang yang dibudidayakan kemungkinan sebagai akibat menurunnya kualitas lingkungan tambak.  Data diperoleh dari penelitian budi daya udang windu yang dilakukan Balai Riset Perikanan Budidaya Air Payau, Maros menggunakan 8 unit tambak ukuran 500 m2. Tokolan udang windu PL-25 dengan padat tebar 10 dan 20 ekor/m2 ditebar dalam petak tambak tersebut serta penambahan probiotik setiap minggu sebanyak 1 mg/L  berlangsung selama pemeliharaan udang dan tanpa pemberian probiotik sebagai kontrol merupakan perlakuan yang diuji. Masing-masing perlakuan dengan dua ulangan. Setelah penebaran, beberapa petak terserang WSSV dan menyebabkan kematian total yaitu pada hari ke-27, 30, 41, dan 47. Serangan WSSV terus berlanjut selama pemeliharaan udang di tambak berlangsung. Pada petak menggunakan probiotik mempunyai  kecenderungan terserang WSSV lebih lambat daripada yang tidak menggunakan probiotik. Semakin tinggi padat tebar udang windu di tambak, maka semakin rentan terhadap serangan WSSV. Padat tebar 10 ekor/m2 menggunakan probiotik produksinya cenderung lebih baik daripada padat tebar 20 ekor/m2. Peningkatan populasi Vibrio sp., peningkatan konsentrasi nitrit dan tingginya populasi awal Vibrio sp. di air melebihi 103 cfu/mL dan di sedimen 104 cfu/g diduga erat kaitan dengan munculnya serangan WSSV pada udang yang dipelihara di tambak pada penelitian ini.

The outbreak of WSSV infection on tiger shrimp culture was thought to be an impact of its pond environmental depletion. The data was obtained from the study of tiger shrimp culture conducted in ponds Research Station of RICA Maros using 8 unit of  brackishwater ponds compartment of 500 m2 each size. The PL-25 were stocked in the ponds at the density of 10 pieces and 20 pieces/m2 and on  the otherhand, ponds also were treated with 1 mg/L commercial probiotics applicated in every week during culture period and no probiotics application as control. Each treatment in two replications. WSSV was infected to the shrimp in the different ponds compartment beginning at 27, 30, 41, and 47 days after stocking and affected total mortality of the shrimp. The WSSV infection was continue distributed to the other ponds compartments consecutively. The shrimp in ponds were applied with probiotics tend to delay infected, in contrary more early infected to the shrimp in pond without probiotics application. The shrimp with higher stocking density likely was easier infected by WSSV. The shrimp production tends to be higher in the shrimp stocking density of 10 pieces/m2 with probiotics application as compared to 20 pieces/m2 without probiotics applications. Increase Vibrio sp. population, enhance nitrite concentration and commenced with high Vibrio sp. population in the water and sediment pond excessive of 103 cfu/mL and 104 cfu/g respectively were presumed as the stimulate of WSSV outbreak in tiger shrimp culture in this research.