PENYEBARAN DAN PREVALENSI WHITE SPOT SYNDROME VIRUS (WSSV) PADA BUDI DAYA UDANG WINDU (Penaeus monodon)

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyebaran dan tingkat prevalensi serangan WSSV pada budi daya udang windu. Pengumpulan sampel dan deteksi WSSV dengan teknik PCR dilakukan dari bulan April 2004 sampai November 2006. Sampel induk udang windu yang dikumpulkan berasal dari perairan Jawa Tengah, Sulawesi Selatan, Gorontalo, Kalimantan Timur, dan Timika. Sedangkan benur, tokolan, dan udang yang dibudidayakan dikumpulkan dari beberapa lokasi di Sulawesi Selatan. Sampel udang diambil bagian kaki jalan, kaki renang, tangkai mata, karapaks, insang, dan ekor. Benur yang berjumlah ± 30 ekor diekstrak menggunakan buffer lisis untuk mendapatkan DNA total. DNA WSSV diamplifikasi dengan teknik First dan Nested. PCR menggunakan kit amplifikasi spesifik WSSV (IQ 2000TM WSSV Detection and Prevention System). Visualisasi DNA WSSV dilakukan dengan gell documentation. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa lebih dari 33% daerah sumber induk udang windu di Indonesia dan 90% daerah pertambakan yang ada di Sulawesi Selatan telah terinfeksi oleh WSSV. WSSV ditemukan pada induk, benur, tokolan, dan udang yang dibudidayakan di tambak. Dengan tingkat prevalensi serangan WSSV tertinggi pada udang windu yang dibudidayakan di tambak adalah 40,4% dan terendah pada benur 4,4%.
The aims of this experiment was to know the distribution and prevalences of WSSV on tiger shrimp. Sample collection and WSSV detection conducted with PCR method was carried out during April 2004 to November 2006. Tiger shrimp broodstock samples were collected from Central Java, South Sulawesi, Gorontalo, Kalimantan, and Timika waters, and the other samples (tiger shrimp post larvae, juveniles, and cultured shrimp) were collected from several region in South Sulawesi. The pleopod, pereiopod, eye stalk, carapax, gill, tail, muscle of broodstock, juveniles, and cultured shrimp, and 30 pcs of postlarvae were extracted using lysis buffer to collect genomic DNA. WSSV DNA amplification was carried out using first and nested PCR technique by specific sequence amplification kit (IQ2000TM  Detection and Prevention system). The WSSV DNA was visualized by gell documentation system. The result showed that more than 33% of broodstock resources of Indonesia waters and 90% of shrimp culture area of South Sulawesi were contaminated by WSSV. WSSV was also infected tiger shrimp broodstock, postlarvae, juveniles, and tiger shrimp cultured with the highest prevalence (40.4%) was on tiger shrimp cultured and the lowest prevalence (5.4%) was on postlarvae.