PEMANFAATAN PAKAN ISO PROTEIN DENGAN KADAR KARBOHIDRAT DAN LEMAK YANG BERBEDA UNTUK PERTUMBUHAN BENIH IKAN PATIN JAMBAL (Pangasius djambal)

Abstract

Penelitian dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pemanfaatan pakan dengan variasi kadar karbohidrat dan lemak untuk pertumbuhan benih patin jambal telah dilakukan di Laboratorium Nutrisi Ikan, Bogor. Rancangan percobaan yang dipergunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 5 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Sebagai perlakuan yaitu pakan dengan variasi kadar karbohidrat dan lemak. Kadar lemak pakan berkisar antara 4% sampai 10% sedangkan kadar karbohidrat berkisar antara 20% sampai 40%. Pakan diberikan dalam bentuk remah sebanyak 12% dari bobot total ikan per hari untuk 2 minggu ke-1 dan 10% untuk 2 minggu ke-2. Wadah penelitian yang digunakan yaitu akuarium dengan volume air 50 liter yang dilengkapi dengan sistem resirkulasi dan pemanas air dengan debit 4 liter/menit. Benih ikan patin jambal dengan bobot rata-rata 0,326 g ditebar dalam akuarium dengan padat penebaran 50 ekor/akuarium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pakan dengan variasi kadar lemak dan karbohidrat memberikan laju pertumbuhan spesifik tubuh, bobot akhir rata-rata, konversi pakan, retensi protein, dan rasio efisiensi protein yang tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05). Nilai retensi lemak antar perlakuan berbeda nyata (P<0,05). Nilai retensi lemak terendah 47,20% diperoleh pada pakan dengan kadar lemak 10% dan karbohidrat 20%. Nilai ini tidak berbeda nyata dengan yang diperoleh pada pakan dengan kadar lemak 8% dan karbohidrat 32% (rasio karbohidrat (K)/lemak (L) sebesar 4). Laju pertumbuhan spesifik tubuh untuk pakan ini (rasio K/L sebesar 4) yaitu 9,10%; konversi pakan 0,85%; retensi protein 42,87%; dan nilai rasio efisiensi protein sebesar 3,36. Bobot rata-rata pada akhir penelitian yang tertinggi diperoleh pada pakan dengan kadar lemak 8% dan karbohidrat 32% yaitu masing-masing sebesar 4,17 g/ekor atau 12,79 kali lipat bobot awal. Sintasan ikan selama penelitian berkisar antara 98,00%—99,33%.

The research with aim to identify the efficiency of given feeds containing different variations of carbohydrate and lipid to the growth rate of juveniles of Pangasius djambal has been conducted at Laboratory of Fish Nutrition, Bogor. The research applied statistical method of Complete Random Device with five treatments and three repetitions. Feeds with different concentrations of carbohydrate and lipid were used as the treatments. Levels of lipid and carbohydrate were ranging from 4% to 10% and from 20% to 40% respectively. Feed was given everyday in crumble bits as much as 12% of the total of fish body mass for the first two weeks and 10% for the second two weeks. All of the specimens were placed in several 50 liter aquaria equipped with a water recirculation system and a water heater with rate of water flow of 4 liter/second. Fifty fingerlings with the average body weight of 0.326 g per individual were stocked in 15 aquaria, each filled with 50 liters of water. The results showed that there were no significant differences (p>0.05) among the treatments for the average final body weight, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, protein retention, and protein efficiency ratio. However, there was a significant difference (p>0.05) for lipid retention values. The lowest lipid retention (47.20%) was found in treatments containing lipid level of 10% and carbohydrate level of 20%. These values did not differ significantly (p>0.05) with other diet treatments that have lipid levels of 8% and carbohydrate of 32% (the ratio between carbohydrate and lipid was 4). Diet treatments that have ratio of 4 between carbohydrate and lipid showed specific growth rate of 9.10%, feed conversion ratio of 0.85, protein retention of 42.87%, and protein efficiency ratio of 3.36. The average final body weight for the diet was 4.17 g per fish (12.79 times of the initial weight). The survival rates during the experiment were ranging from 98.00% to 99.3%.