AKTIVITAS ENZIM KOMERSIAL, EKSTRAK KASAR ENZIM DARI VISCERA KEONG MAS (Pila polita), ABALON (Haliotis asinina), DAN BEKICOT (Achatina fulica) UNTUK LISIS JARINGAN RUMPUT LAUT Kappaphycus alvarezii PADA KULTUR PROTOPLAS

Abstract

Dalam usaha perbaikan kualitas bibit rumput laut Kappaphycus alvarezii dilakukan kultur protoplas dengan isolasi protoplas menggunakan enzim. Untuk mendapatkan sumber enzim yang ekonomis sebagai alternatif pengganti enzim komersial dan untuk mengetahui perbandingan konsentrasi enzim komersial yang optimum agar menghasilkan jumlah protoplas yang maksimum, dilakukan karakterisasi terhadap enzim dari berbagai sumber. Aktivitas ekstrak kasar enzim dari viscera bekicot (Achatina fulica) tidak berbeda nyata dengan enzim komersial (P>0,05) dengan aktivitas sebesar 0,729 unit/mL; enzim komersial 0,354 unit/mL; ekstrak kasar enzim dari viscera keong mas (Pila polita) 0,048 unit/mL; dan ekstrak kasar enzim dari viscera abalon (Haliotis asinina) 0,014 unit/mL. Perbandingan enzim komersial yang optimum adalah 2:1 menghasilkan protoplas sebanyak 1,26 x 108 sel/mL; kemudian 1:2 dengan jumlah protoplas 1,22 x 108 sel/mL; perbandingan 1:1 menghasilkan protoplas sebanyak 8,36 x 107 sel/mL; perbandingan 0:1 menghasilkan protoplas sebanyak 6,33 x 107 sel/mL; dan perbandingan 1:0 menghasilkan protoplas sebanyak 9,55 x 106 sel/mL. Rumput laut asal Takalar memiliki protoplas dengan kepadatan tertinggi sebesar 3,7 x 108 sel/mL.

Effort to improve the quality of seaweed seed Kappaphycus alvarezii has been done by protoplast culture with protoplast isolation using enzyme. To find out economical enzyme sources as alternatives to substitute the expensive commercial enzyme and to determine the optimum concentration ratio of commercial enzyme to produce maximum amount of protoplast, characterization was executed to several potential sources. Activity of crude extract enzyme from viscera of garden snail (Achatina fulica) was not significantly different with commercial enzyme (P>0.05) it was 0.729 unit/mL, commercial enzyme 0.354 unit/mL activity; crude extract enzyme from viscera of golden snail (Pila polita) 0.048 unit/mL activity and crude extract enzyme from viscera of abalone (Haliotis asinina) 0.014 unit/mL activity. Optimum ratio of commercial enzyme was 2:1, it resulted protoplast up to 1.26 x 108 cell/mL, then ratio of 1:2 resulted protoplast up to 1.22 x 108 cell/mL, ratio of 1:1 resulted protoplast up to 8.36 x 107 cell/mL, ratio of 0:1 resulted protoplast up to 6.33 x 107 cell/mL and ratio of 1:0 resulted protoplast up to 9.55 x 106 cell/mL. The highest density of protoplast gained by seaweed from Takalar reached 3.7 x 108 cell/mL.