EVALUASI KUALITAS WARNA IKAN KLOWN Amphiprion percula Lacepède 1802 TANGKAPAN ALAM DAN HASIL BUDIDAYA

Abstract

Kualitas warna ikan klown hasil budidaya lebih rendah dibandingkan tangkapan alam, hal ini dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, namun belum ada data ilmiah sebagai dasar untuk melakukan perbaikan. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis dan mengevaluasi kualitas warna ikan klown (Amphiprion percula) hasil tangkapan alam dibandingkan dengan hasil budidaya. Kualitas warna diukur pada dua zona: zona-I kulit berwarna oranye antara insang dengan band warna putih pada tengah badan dan zona-II adalah bagian kulit warna oranye antara band putih tengah badan dengan band warna putih pada pangkal ekor, dengan parameter nilai L* (lightness), a* (redness), b* (yellowness), C (chroma), H (Hue). Analisis total karotenoid (TC) dilakukan pada kulit kedua zona, sirip pektoral, sirip dorsal, sirip kaudal, dan serum darah. Analisis kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) dilakukan pada kulit dan sirip untuk mengonfirmasi jenis karotenoid dalam kulit dan sirip. Data kualitas warna dianalisis menggunakan t-test, hubungan kualitas warna dengan TC dianalisis dengan regresi sederhana, dan analisis deskriptif untuk hasil KLT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas warna ikan klown tangkapan alam lebih baik dibanding budidaya, didukung oleh tingginya total karotenoid pada kulit zona-I, kulit zona-II, sirip pektoral, sirip dorsal, sirip kaudal, dan serum darah berturut-turut 51,64; 51,24; 136,40; 124,37; 194,18 mg/kg; dan 2,2 mg/mL; pada ikan hasil budidaya berurut-turut 2,5; 3,5; 8,45; 10,01; 23,43 mg/kg; dan 0,8 mg/mL. Hasil KLT menunjukkan bahwa jenis karotenoid pada kulit dan sirip ikan klown adalah astaxanthin, serta satu jenis karotenoid diduga zeaxanthin. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, maka perlu ditambahkan pigmen karotenoid, dan prekursor pigmen lainnya melalui pakan untuk ikan klown budidaya.

The color quality of cultured clownfish is not as good as the wild one. However, it’s influenced by several factors. However, but there is not enough scientific data to be used as the basis for improvement. The purpose of this study was to analyze and evaluate the color quality difference between cultured and wild clown fish Amphiprion percula. Color qualities were measured in two zones: an orange-colored at zone-I was measured between gills and white band at the center of the body and an orange-colored at zone-II was measured between the center of white band and white band near the caudal peduncle. Parameters analyzed were L* (lightness), a* (redness), b* (yellowness), C (Chroma), H (Hue). Total carotenoid (TC) was analyzed on both zones-I and II, pectoral-fins, dorsal-fin, caudal-fin, and blood serum. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used to analyze the type of carotenoids in the skin and fin tissues. Color quality data was analyzed by T-test. Simple linier regression and descriptive analyses were used to analyzed the other parameters. The results showed that the color quality of wild clown fish was better than that of the cultured clown fish, indicated by high TC content in skin of zone-I, skin of zone-II, pectoral-fin, dorsal-fin, caudal-fin, and blood serum (51.64, 51.24, 136.40, 124.37, 194.18 mg/kg, and 2.2 mg/mL, respectively); and in cultured fish 2.5, 3.5, 8.45, 10.01, 23.43 mg/kg, and 0.8 mg/mL, respectively. TLC test results showed that carotenoid type in skin and fin of clownfish were astaxanthin, and one type of carotenoid was suspected as zeaxanthin. Based on the results of the study, it is necessary to add carotenoid pigments, especially astaxanthin or other precursor the feed to improve the color quality of cultured clown fish.