PENYEDIAAN PAKAN ALAMI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN SINTASAN DAN PERTUMBUHAN LARVA IKAN RAINBOW KURUMOI (Melanotaenia parva)

Abstract

Permasalahan utama budidaya ikan rainbow (Melanotaenia parva) adalah sintasan larva yang masih rendah terutama pada saat terjadi peralihan makan dari cadangan kuning telur (endogenous) ke pakan eksternal (eksogenous). Pakan awal larva rainbow berupa pakan alami (plankton). Untuk menyediakan plankton dapat dilakukan melalui pemupukan kotoran ayam. Tujuan penelitian adalah penyediaan pakan alami untuk meningkatkan sintasan dan pertumbuhan larva ikan rainbow kurumoi melalui pemupukan kotoran ayam dengan dosis yang berbeda di akuarium. Akuarium yang digunakan berukuran 50 cm x 50 cm x 40 cm sebanyak 15 buah dengan volume air 40 L. Dosis pupuk kotoran ayam yang diujikan sebagai berikut: (A) kontrol (tanpa pemupukan), (B) 5 g, (C) 10 g, (D) 15 g, dan (E) 20 g per 40 L air, masing-masing perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Ikan uji yang digunakan berupa larva rainbow kurumoi yang berumur dua hari. Larva ditebar setelah 5-7 hari pemupukan dengan kepadatan sebanyak 100 ekor/wadah. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Parameter yang diamati unsur hara pupuk, jenis dan kelimpahan plankton, sintasan larva, pertumbuhan (panjang dan bobot) larva, dan kualitas air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemupukan kotoran ayam terbaik dengan dosis pupuk 20 g/40 L dengan kelimpahan plankton 58.300 ind./L; sintasan larva 84,33 ± 3,79%; dan pertumbuhan (bobot 0,048 ± 0,012 g; panjang total 1,67 ± 0,15 cm dan panjang standar 1,44 ± 0,13 cm).

The main problem of rainbow aquaculture is the survival of larvae which is still low, especially at the time of the initial eating, namely the transition of food endogenous to exogenous. The initial feed of rainbow larvae is natural food (plankton). To provide natural food can be done through fertilization chicken manure. The aim of the study was the provision of natural food to improve the survival and growth of rainbow kurumoi larvae by fertilizing chicken manure with different doses in the aquarium. The container used is 50 cm x 50 cm x 40 cm aquarium with 15 pieces with 40 L water volume. The doses of chicken manure were tested as follows (A) control (without fertilization), (B) 5 g (C) 10 g, (D) 15 g and (E) 20 g per container where each treatment was repeated 3 times. The test fish used were rainbow kurumoi larvae that were around 1-2 days old. Larvae are stocked after fertilizing around 5-7 days with a density of 100 larvae/container. The experimental design was a completely randomized design (CRD). Parameters observed were fertilizer nutrients, type and abundance of plankton, larvae survival, growth (length and weight) of larvae and water quality. The results showed that fertilizing the best chicken manure with a fertilizer dose of 20 g/40 L with an abundance of plankton 58,300 ind./L, survival 84.33 ± 3.79% and growth (weight 0.048 ± 0.012 g, total length 1.67±0.15 cm and standard length 1.44 ± 0.13 cm).