KARAKTERISTIK MUTU, RENDEMEN DAN PRODUKTIVITAS PENGOLAHAN CAKALANG (Thunnus albacares) LOIN MASAK BEKU

Abstract

Ikan cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis) termasuk dalam kelompok ikan pelagis besar, merupakan salah satu jenis komoditas ekspor perikanan laut yang bernilai ekonomi penting. Untuk itu, diperlukan proses penanganan dan pengolahan yang baik. Pengamatan ini bertujuan untuk mengamati karakteristik mutu, rendemen dan produktivitas pada  pengolahan cakalang loin masak beku. Metode kerja dilakukan dengan mengikuti langsung tahapan pengolahan mulai dari penerimaan cakalang beku masuk sampai distribusi produk cakalang loin masak beku. Pengujian mutu dilakukan terhadap mutu organoleptik, mikrobiologi, rendemen dan produktivitas tenaga kerja. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah alur proses pengolahan cakalang loin masak beku dengan empat belas tahapan proses dari penerimaan bahan baku hingga pemuatan produk untuk dijual. Nilai mutu organoleptik cakalang beku 8,11, setelah pelehan  8,24 dan cakalang loin masak beku 8,56.  Kadar histamin cakalang beku 1,1 ppm - 3,8 ppm dan cakalang loin  masak beku 2,36 ppm - 4,47 ppm. Hasil pengujian mikrobiologi cakalang beku dan cakalang loin masak beku menunjukan seluruh pengujian ALT, E.coli, Coliform, S. aureus, V. parahaemolyticus, dan Salmonella masih memenuhi standar sesuai dengan ketentuan SNI 7968:2014. Rendemen yang dihasilkan mulai dari bahan baku hingga menjadi produk loin masak  yaitu rata-rata 38,3%. Produktivitas karyawan pada tahap butchering rata-rata 324,47 kg/jam/orang kg/jam/orang, deheading dan skinnig 43,55 kg/jam/orang serta  untuk tahap loinning dan cleaning 7,06 kg/jam/orang.

Kipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) is included in the large pelagic fish group, is one type of marine fishery export commodity that has important economic value. For export, good handling and processing is required. This observation aims to observe the characteristics of quality, yield and productivity in the processing of frozen cooked skipjack loin. The working method is carried out with direct participation, following the processing stages starting from the receipt of incoming frozen skipjack to the distribution of frozen cooked skipjack loin products. Quality testing is carried out on organoleptic quality, microbiology, yield and labor productivity. Data were analyzed using descriptive methods with quantitative and qualitative approaches. The results of this study are the flow of frozen cooked skipjack loin processing with fourteen stages of the process from receiving raw materials to loading products for marketing. The organoleptic quality of frozen skipjack tuna was 8.11, after thawing 8.24 and frozen cooked skipjack tuna 8.56. Histamine levels in frozen skipjack tuna were 1.1 ppm - 3.8 ppm and frozen cooked skipjack loin 2.36 ppm - 4.47 ppm. The results of microbiological testing on frozen skipjack and frozen skipjack loin showed that all TPC, E.coli, Coliform, S. aureus, V. parahaemolyticus, and Salmonella tests still met the standards in accordance with the provisions of SNI 7968:2014. The yield produced from raw materials to cooked loin products is an average of 38.3%. The average productivity of employees at the butchering stage is 324.47 kg/hour/person kg/hour/person, deheading and skinning is 43.55 kg/hour/person and for loinning and cleaning stages 7.06 kg/hour/person.