Daya Tahan Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) Sektor Perikanan Kabupaten Takalar Pada Era Ketidakpastian

Syamsari Syamsari; M Syamsul Maarif; Elisa Anggraeni; Siti Amanah

doi:10.15578/marina.v8i1.10636

Daya Tahan Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) Sektor Perikanan Kabupaten Takalar Pada Era Ketidakpastian

Syamsari Syamsari, M Syamsul Maarif, Elisa Anggraeni, Siti Amanah

Abstract

UMKM pada era ketidakpastian membutuhkan beberapa faktor untuk bertahan menghadapi gangguan yang terus-menerus terjadi, tidak terduga, dan makin kompleks. Pendekatan holistik yang menggunakan empat teori, yaitu teori sumber daya, teori entrepreneurial orientation, teori corporate entrepreneurship, dan teori entrepreneurship ecosystem dibutuhkan untuk memperkuat daya tahan UMKM. Penelitian ini bertujuan menemukan formulasi faktor yang membentuk daya tahan UMKM dan memilih bisnis UMKM yang memiliki daya tahan tinggi. Lokasi penelitian berada di Kabupaten Takalar, Sulawesi Selatan dan penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus sampai dengan Oktober 2021. Data diperoleh dari kuesioner yang diisi oleh dua puluh orang pakar untuk menyusun ranking empat belas kriteria yang berasal dari empat teori yang mendasari penelitian. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Eckenrode untuk memperoleh bobot setiap kriteria dan metode TOPSIS untuk menetapkan bisnis yang memiliki daya tahan tinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan urutan bobot empat belas kriteria dari terbesar ke terkecil, yaitu sumber daya (0,111), pasar (0,108), perilaku inovatif (0,103), strategi (0,93), perilaku proaktif (0,093), pembiayaan (0,087), pengambilan risiko (0,075), kebijakan (0,073), agresivitas kompetitif (0,063), proses (0,061), supporting (0,054), struktur (0,036), budaya (0,028), dan perguruan tinggi (0,015). Urutan bobot kriteria tersebut ditetapkan sebagai formulasi faktor yang membentuk daya tahan UMKM. Bisnis UMKM yang memiliki daya tahan tinggi adalah rumput laut karena memiliki koefisien kedekatan tertinggi (0,815). Kesimpulan penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa formulasi faktor yang membentuk daya tahan UMKM secara berurut adalah sumber daya, pasar, perilaku inovatif, strategi, perilaku proaktif, pembiayaan, pengambilan risiko, kebijakan, agresivitas kompetitif, proses, supporting, struktur, budaya, dan perguruan tinggi. UMKM sektor perikanan yang memiliki daya tahan tinggi adalah UMKM yang berbisnis rumput laut.

Title: The Resilience of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) of Takalar District Fisheries in the Era of Uncertainty

Facing the era of uncertainty, MSMEs need several factors to survive due to unpredictable and complex disruption. A holistic approach that uses four theories, namely resource theory, entrepreneurial orientation theory, corporate entrepreneurship theory and entrepreneurship ecosystem theory is needed to strengthen the resilience of MSMEs. The research aims to find the formulation of factors forming the resilience of MSMEs as well as to choose the kind of MSMEs businesses that have strong resilience. The location of the research was in Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi. The research was carried out

from August to October 2021. Data obtained from a questionnaire filled out by twenty experts and analyzed using the Eckenrode and TOPSIS method. Fourteen criteria derived from the four theories approach in this research were assessed by experts then calculating their weights according to Eckenrode method. The results show the order of the weights of fourteen criteria from largest to smallest as following: resources (0.111), market (0.108), innovative behavior (0.103), strategy (0.93), proactive behavior (0.093), financing (0.087), risk taking (0.075), policy (0.073), competitive aggressiveness (0.063), process (0.061), supporting (0.054), structure (0.036), culture (0.028) and higher education (0.015). The order of criterion weight is determined as factors formulation forming the resilience of MSMEs. The strongest resilience of MSMEs business is seaweed with the highest closeness coefficient (0.815). The conclusion of this study states that the formulation of factors that shape the resilience of MSMEs in sequence are resources, market, innovative behavior, strategy, proactive behavior, financing, risk taking, policy, competitive aggressiveness, process, supporting, structure, culture and higher education. MSMEs in the fisheries sector that have high resilience is MSMEs in the seaweed business.

Keywords

: daya tahan; UMKM; perikanan; ketidakpastian; Eckenrode; TOPSIS; keberlanjutan

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/marina.v8i1.10636