Studi Kualitatif tentang Jebakan Kemiskinan pada Masyarakat Pesisir di Pasuruan, Jawa Timur

Aun Falestien Faletehan; Muchammad Firman Mauludin; Ahmad Khairul Hakim

doi:10.15578/marina.v8i1.10960

Studi Kualitatif tentang Jebakan Kemiskinan pada Masyarakat Pesisir di Pasuruan, Jawa Timur

Aun Falestien Faletehan, Muchammad Firman Mauludin, Ahmad Khairul Hakim

Abstract

Kemiskinan cenderung menjadi problem sosial yang tidak bisa hilang di kalangan masyarakat pesisir. Studi yang difokuskan pada eksplorasi akar masalah kemiskinan di kawasan ini tampaknya tidak begitu banyak. Riset ini dilakukan di Desa Jatirejo, Jawa Timur dengan tujuan untuk menjelaskan karakteristik rumah tangga miskin di kawasan pesisir dan menganalisis faktor penyebab kemiskinan yang ada di sana. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif bergenre fenomenologi pada tahun 2021, riset ini memanfaatkan perangkat lunak (software) kualitatif NVivo 12 untuk menganalisis data lapangan yang berupa transkripsi wawancara, catatan lapangan (field notes) observasi, dan dokumen kearsipan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kompleksitas masalah rumah tangga miskin di kawasan pesisir ternyata tidak hanya berkaitan dengan isu rendahnya sumber daya manusia atau ketidakmampuan dalam mengelola sumber daya alam, tetapi juga adanya perangkap kemiskinan yang dibuat oleh pihak lain. Masyarakat pesisir dianggap miskin karena memiliki mata pencaharian yang tidak menguntungkan, beban utang rumah tangga yang makin besar, dan kualitas hidup yang rendah. Kondisi tersebut tetap langgeng karena mereka bergantung pada sumber daya laut, terjebak dalam perangkap tengkulak dan pemilik modal, dan memiliki kreativitas dalam usaha yang rendah serta pola pikir pengelolaan uang rumah tangga yang tidak efektif. Pengungkapan akar masalah kemiskinan di kawasan pesisir ini seyogianya bisa membantu pihak-pihak terkait (pemerintah, LSM, dsb.) dalam hal merumuskan strategi pengentasan kemiskinan secara jitu.

Title: A Qualitative Study on Poverty Trap in Coastal Community of Pasuruan, East Java

Poverty tends to be a sustained social problem in coastal communities. Studies focusing on exploring the causes of poverty in this region seem lagging. Taking a research location in Jatirejo Village, East Java, this research aims to explain the characteristics of poor households in coastal areas and analyze the causes of poverty that exist there. Employing phenomenological-approach-based qualitative methods in 2021, this study utilizes qualitative software NVivo 12 in order to analyze data from interview transcripts, observation field notes, and archival documents. The results show that the complexity of the poverty problem for households in coastal areas is not only related to the issue of low quality of human resources or the inability to manage natural resources but also due to the existence of poverty traps made by other parties. Coastal communities are considered poor because they have unprofitable livelihoods, increasing household debt burden, and low quality of life. These poor conditions stay longer because of their dependence on marine resources, trapped in the decoy of capital owners, low creativity in business, and an ineffective household money management mindset. Disclosure of the causes of poverty in this coastal area should be able to assist the relevant parties (government, NGOs, etc.) in formulating strategies for poverty alleviation in a precise manner.

Keywords

masyarakat pesisir; kemiskinan natural; kemiskinan kultural; kemiskinan struktural; rumah tangga miskin

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/marina.v8i1.10960