Pengorganisasian Nelayan Skala Kecil di Zona Penangkapan Ikan Perikanan Industri dalam Mendukung Rencana Kebijakan Penangkapan Ikan Terukur

Armen Zulham; Radityo Pramoda; Nensyana Shafitri

doi:10.15578/marina.v8i2.11279

Pengorganisasian Nelayan Skala Kecil di Zona Penangkapan Ikan Perikanan Industri dalam Mendukung Rencana Kebijakan Penangkapan Ikan Terukur

Armen Zulham, Radityo Pramoda, Nensyana Shafitri

Abstract

Kebijakan pengelolaan penangkapan ikan di laut Indonesia sudah direncanakan akan bergeser dari kebijakan kontrol input menjadi kebijakan kontrol output. Izin penangkapan ikan dengan kebijakan pertama diberikan kepada armada dan alat tangkap, sedangkan kebijakan kedua didasarkan pada kuota ikan yang ditangkap dengan armada perikanan dan alat tangkap. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari kondisi perikanan tangkap skala kecil (nelayan lokal) jika kebijakan kontrol output dilaksanakan. Dua tujuan lain, yaitu: mempelajari tiga prinsip pengorganisasian nelayan skala kecil; serta melakukan penilaian terhadap indikator aksi kolektif pada koperasi nelayan di lokasi penelitian, terkait strategi memperoleh kuota penangkapan ikan. Perikanan skala kecil <10 GT jumlahnya mencapai 90% dari total armada perikanan tangkap. Usaha perikanan skala kecil biasanya tidak terorganisasi dalam sebuah bisnis yang terorganisasi, tetapi kontribusi terhadap produksi ikan Indonesia mencapai 50%. Nelayan lokal secara teoretis dapat diorganisasikan dan pengorganisasian tersebut dapat dilakukan melalui koperasi untuk melakukan aksi kolektif. Pengumpulan data primer dilakukan melalui survei dan focus group discussion (FGD) di Kabupaten Natuna dan Sebatik (Kabupaten Nunukan) serta PPS Cilacap pada bulan Mei sampai dengan September 2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan sepuluh indikator (atribut) dalam menilai aksi kolektif nelayan lokal (perikanan skala kecil) melalui koperasi atau korporasi untuk memanfaatkan kuota penangkapan ikan. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis dengan statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sekitar 85% perikanan skala kecil menangkap ikan di perairan >12 mil. Armada perikanan skala kecil yang menangkap ikan di perairan >12 mil (pada zona industri perikanan) harus bergabung dalam koperasi atau korporasi agar sesuai dengan regulasi. Pembentukan koperasi/korporasi pada usaha perikanan skala kecil dilakukan melalui konsolidasi, kolaborasi, dan integrasi. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan bahwa atribut tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai acuan untuk pengorganisasian nelayan skala kecil di dalam koperasi atau korporasi di berbagai zona industri penangkapan ikan dan di berbagai wilayah pengelolaan perikanan negara Republik Indonesia.

Title: Organizing Small Scale Fishers for Catching Fish in The Industrial Fishing Zone to Support A Measurable Fishing Policy Planning

The fishing policy on Indonesian seas is in the plan to shift from an input control policy to an output control policy. The first policy, fish license, is given to the fishing fleet and gear, while the output control policy focusc on the quota of fish caught to the fishing fleet and fishing gear. The main purpose of this research is to study the condition of small-scale capture fisheries (local fishers) if the output control policy is implemented. Two other objectives were also studied related to the principles of organizing small-scale fishers, as well as indicators of collective action in small-scale fisheries organizations. Small-scale fisheries <10 GT account for 90% of the total fishing fleet. The small-scale fishery businesses were not organized in an organization but contributed to Indonesian fish production, reaching 50%. Fishers theoretically are organized, and the organization can be through cooperatives to carry out collective action. Primary data was collected through surveys and focus group discussions (FGD). The data were collected in Natuna Regency and Sebatik island (Nunukan Regency) and Cilacap Ocean Fishing Port from May to September 2021. This study uses ten indicators (attributes) to assess the collective action of local fishermen (small-scale fisheries) through cooperatives or corporations to take advantage of fishing quotas. The data collected were analyzed by descriptive statistics. The study results indicate that about 85% of small-scale fisheries catch fish in waters > 12 miles. To comply with regulations, small-scale fishing fleets that catch fish in waters > 12 miles (in industrial fishing zones) should have to join with cooperatives or corporations. The formation of cooperatives/corporations in small-scale fishery businesses through consolidation, collaboration, and integration. This study recommends that these attributes use as a reference for organizing small-scale fishers in cooperatives or corporations in various fishing industry zones throughout the Republic of Indonesia Fisheries Management Area.

Keywords

kontrol input; kontrol output; perikanan skala kecil; koperasi

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/marina.v8i2.11279