Kebijakan Pemanfaatan Hutan Mangrove Berkelanjutan dengan Teknik Interpretative Structural Modeling di Taman Nasional Rawa Aopa, Sulawesi Tenggara

Abdillah Munawir; Nurhasanah Nurhasanah; Edi Rusdiyanto; Siti Umamah Naili Muna

doi:10.15578/marina.v8i2.11693

Kebijakan Pemanfaatan Hutan Mangrove Berkelanjutan dengan Teknik Interpretative Structural Modeling di Taman Nasional Rawa Aopa, Sulawesi Tenggara

Abdillah Munawir, Nurhasanah Nurhasanah, Edi Rusdiyanto, Siti Umamah Naili Muna

Abstract

Konversi hutan mangrove akibat faktor anthropogenik semakin meningkat di Kawasan Taman Nasional Rawa Aopa. Kajian keanekaragaman biota hutan mangrove, valuasi lingkungan ekonomi mangrove telah banyak dilakukan, tetapi penelitian tentang kebijakan kelembagaan belum pernah dilakukan untuk mengantisipasi perubahan kawasan hutan mangrove. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis elemen pemanfaatan hutan mangrove; menganalisis peran lembaga yang terlibat dalam pengelolaan Taman Nasional Rawa Aopa; dan menganalisis model kelembagaan dalam pengelolaan Taman Nasional Rawa Aopa. Penelitian dilakukan selama bulan Juni sampai Desember 2021. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode teknik analisis Interpretif Structural Modeling (ISM). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa 11 lembaga yang terkait dalam pengelolaan Taman Nasional Rawa Aopa terdapat tiga lembaga yakni (Balai Taman Nasional Rawa Aopa, Dinas Kehutanan Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara dan Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Propinsi Sulawesi Tenggara) yang memiliki pengaruh paling besar dan menjadi faktor kunci dalam perumusan kebijakan pemerintah dalam hal pengelolaan keberlanjutan hutan mangrove di TNRA. Elemen tujuan yang merupakan elemen kunci dalam pengembangan model pengelolaan Taman Nasional Rawa Aopa adalah penegakan supremasi hukum, dukungan antar pemangku kepentingan dan upaya perlindungan hutan mangrove TNRA untuk keberlanjutan flora dan fauna. Kondisi ini menjelaskan beberapa subelemen tersebut menjadi penggerak utama dan mempengaruhi subelemen pada level berikutnya. Kelembagaan pengelolaan hutan mangrove memiliki kinerja rendah karena ketiadaan kelembagaan khusus yang bertanggungjawab atas pengelolaan TNRA. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan kehadiran kelembagaan formal yang dibentuk berdasarkan memorandum understanding Balai TNRA Dinas Kehutanan dan Lingkungan Hidup Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara yang mampu mengakomodir kepentingan pemangku kepentingan dan bertanggungjawab atas pengelolaan hutan mangrove TNRA.

Title: Policy on Sustainable Use of Mangrove Forest Using Interpretative Structural Modeling Techniques in Rawa Aopa National Park, Southeast Sulawesi

The conversion of mangrove forests due to anthropogenic factors is increasing in the “Rawa Aopa National Park (RANP)” area. Studies of diversity and economic valuation have been widely carried out. Still, research on institutional policies has never been carried out to anticipate changes in mangrove forest areas. This study aims to analyze the elements uses of mangrove forest, the role of agencies in the RANP management, and institutional models. Research carried out from June to December 2021, which used the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) analysis. The results show three institutions involved in management of the RANP Center consist of the Forestry Service and the Environment Service of Southeast Sulawesi Province. The three institutions have the most influence and are key factors in formulating government policies in terms of managing the sustainability of mangrove forests in RANP. The critical elements in developing the RANP management model are the enforcement of the law, support between stakeholders, and efforts to protect RANP mangrove forests for the sustainability of flora and fauna. Some of sub-elements are the main drivers and affect the sub-elements at the next level. However, the management institutions of mangrove forest have low performance due to the absence of particular institutions responsible for RANP management. Therefore, it is necessary to have a formal institutional presence formed based on a memorandum of understanding of the three institutions that can accommodate the interests of stakeholders and responsible for the management of mangrove forests..

Keywords

kelembagaan; hutan mangrove; Taman Nasional Rawa Aopa (TNRA), flora dan fauna, interpretif structural modeling

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/marina.v8i2.11693