Strategi Pengembangan Budi Daya Ikan Nila Salin (Oreochromis niloticus) di Kabupaten Pati

Nurul Aeni

doi:10.15578/marina.v9i1.11739

Strategi Pengembangan Budi Daya Ikan Nila Salin (Oreochromis niloticus) di Kabupaten Pati

Nurul Aeni

Abstract

Budi daya nila salin di Kabupaten Pati mengalami perkembangan yang cukup pesat, tetapi masih mengalami kendala untuk dapat menjadi salah satu komoditas unggulan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menggambarkan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi budi daya nila salin dan merumuskan strategi untuk mengembangkan budi daya nila salin di Kabupaten Pati. Penelitian dilakukan di enam desa di tiga kecamatan yang ditetapkan sebagai sentra dan kawasan penyangga budi daya nila salin, yaitu Kecamatan Tayu, Margoyoso, dan Dukuhseti. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada bulan Juli sampai dengan Agustus 2021. Metode pengambilan data yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka, survei, dan wawancara dengan pemangku kepentingan yang berjumlah 34 responden. Data penelitian dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan menggunakan analisis PEEST, SWOT, dan QSPM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kekuatan utama budi daya nila salin di Kabupaten Pati adalah kualitas ikan nila salin yang lebih baik. Namun, belum adanya diversifikasi produk olahan nila salin menjadi kelemahan terbesar. Peningkatan permintaan terhadap ikan nila di pasar domestik menjadi peluang terbesar, sedangkan pandemi yang menyebabkan penurunan pendapatan pembudi daya menjadi ancaman utama pengembangan budi daya nila salin. Strategi yang dapat disarankan untuk mengembangkan budi daya nila salin di Kabupaten Pati secara berurutan berdasarkan prioritas adalah (1) meningkatkan ketersediaan dan kualitas input budi daya nila salin; (2) memperluas pemasaran, baik di pasar domestik maupun melalui ekspor; (3) meningkatkan kualitas budi daya nila salin berbasis lingkungan demi menjamin keberlanjutan; dan (4) meningkatkan keunggulan dan daya saing produk nila salin.

Tittle: Strategies for Salin Tilapia (Oroechromis niloticus) Cultivation Development in Pati District

Saline-tilapia aquaculture in Pati District has been growing fast, but it faces several obstacles to becoming one major local commodity. This study aims to describe factors that influence saline-tilapia aquaculture, then formulate strategies that can be applied to develop the aquaculture of this commodity. The study focused on six villages in three sub-districts established as the center and buffer areas of saline-tilapia aquaculture, namely Tayu, Margoyoso, and Dukuhseti Sub-districts. Data collection was conducted from April to September 2021. It involved a document review, survey, interviews with relevant stakeholders, and 34 respondents. Then, the data were analyzed descriptively using PEEST, SWOT, and QSPM analysis. The study results show that the main strength of saline-tilapia aquaculture in Pati District was that saline-tilapia from Pati District has good quality. At the same time, the lack of diversification of products became a significant weakness. Moreover, an enormous opportunity was the higher demand for tilapia, especially in the domestic market, whereas the main threat was the pandemic that could decrease farmer income. Strategies that can be proposed based on the level of importance were (1) improving the availability and quality of saline-tilapia aquaculture inputs; (2) market expansion, both domestic or abroad; (3) enhancing the quality of environment-based aquaculture to ensure the sustainability; and (4) improving the excellence and competitiveness of saline-tilapia products.

Keywords

budi daya; Kabupaten Pati; nila salin; prioritas; strategi pengembangan

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/marina.v9i1.11739