Insentif dan Disinsentif Ekonomi pada Perlindungan Hiu Martil (Sphyrna spp.) sebagai Tangkapan Sampingan di Aceh Jaya

Lailia Nur Rohmah; Gatot Yulianto; Mohammad Mukhlis Kamal; Luky Adrianto; Hollie Booth

doi:10.15578/marina.v9i2.12547

Insentif dan Disinsentif Ekonomi pada Perlindungan Hiu Martil (Sphyrna spp.) sebagai Tangkapan Sampingan di Aceh Jaya

Lailia Nur Rohmah, Gatot Yulianto, Mohammad Mukhlis Kamal, Luky Adrianto, Hollie Booth

Abstract

Hiu martil (Sphyrna spp.) memiliki peluang tertangkap dan tingkat eksploitasi yang tinggi karena bentuk kepala yang unik dan perilaku agregasi remaja di perairan pesisir dangkal. Hiu yang didaratkan di PPI Rigaih umumnya merupakan bycatch, berukuran kecil dan belum dewasa/anakan.. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik nelayan di Aceh Jaya dan mengestimasi besaran insentif maupun disinsentif ekonomi sebagai upaya perlindungan hiu martil di Aceh Jaya. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah survei. Pengambilan data primer dilakukan dengan wawancara terstruktur kepada nelayan kecil di Aceh Jaya, pada bulan April sampai dengan Agustus 2022. Responden berjumlah 48 orang yang dipilih menggunakan metode simple random sampling. Metode analisis penghitungan insentif nelayan menggunakan Contingent Valuation Methods (CVM). Hasil riset menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik nelayan di Aceh Jaya adalah nelayan kecil yang beroperasi menggunakan kapal kayu berukuran 5-10 gross tone dengan durasi penangkapan ikan adalah one-day fishing dan ada juga yang 2-5 hari/trip. Estimasi besaran denda (disinsentif) yang bersedia dibayarkan oleh nelayan apabila masih melakukan penangkapan hiu martil (WTP) rata-rata sebesar Rp259.375,00/trip. Kesediaan membayar denda dipengaruhi oleh usia, pendidikan, pendapatan, dan jumlah anak. Insentif ekonomi berupa kesediaan nelayan menerima kompensasi sebagai pengganti aktivitas penangkapan hiu martil (WTA) dengan estimasi rata-rata sebesar Rp434.895,83/trip. Variabel yang berpengaruh adalah usia, pendidikan, lama trip dan pendapatan

Title: Economic Incentive and Disincentiveson Protection of Hammerhead Sharks (Sphyrna spp.) as By-catch in Aceh Jaya

Hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna spp.) have a high chance of being caught due to their unique head shape and juvenile aggregation behavior in shallow coastal waters whose areas overlap with capture fisheries with high levels of exploitation. These Sharks have landed at the fish landing port Rigaih of Aceh Jaya Regency, which is generally by-catch with small size at the immature/pre-adult stage. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of hammerhead fishermen in Aceh Jaya and estimate the amount of economic incentives in the form of fines to protect hammerhead sharks in Aceh Jaya. The descriptive survey was used as the data collection method in this research. The deep interview was conducted to collect primary data from fishermen from April to August 2022. This research calculates the fisherman’s incentive using contingent valuation method (CVM) analysis. A total of 48 respondents were selected using the simple random sampling method. The findings show that the characteristics of fishermen in Aceh Jaya are small fisheries that operate using 5-10 gross-tone wooden boats with one-day fishing duration and some 2-5 days/trip. The estimated disincentives fishermen will pay if they still catch hammerhead sharks (WTP) is an average of IDR 259,375.00/trip. Willingness to pay is influenced by age, education, income, and number of children. Economic incentives include fishermen’s willingness to receive compensation instead of fishing for hammerhead sharks (WTA), with an average estimated IDR 434,895.83/trip. Influential variables are age, education, length of trip, and income.

Keywords

Hiu martil; insentif ekonomi; tangkapan sampingan; Aceh Jaya

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/marina.v9i2.12547