Mekanisme dan Kunci Keberhasilan Pengelolaan Kolaborasi Ekowisata Bahari di Kawasan Konservasi Raja Ampat

Nuraini Nuraini; Arif Satria; Ekawati Sri Wahyuni; Dietriech Geoffrey Bengen

doi:10.15578/marina.v10i1.13054

Mekanisme dan Kunci Keberhasilan Pengelolaan Kolaborasi Ekowisata Bahari di Kawasan Konservasi Raja Ampat

Nuraini Nuraini, Arif Satria, Ekawati Sri Wahyuni, Dietriech Geoffrey Bengen

Abstract

Tantangan pengembangan pariwisata di kawasan konservasi muncul ketika kepentingan pembangunan ekonomi tidak selaras dengan pembangunan ekologi. Raja Ampat memiliki keanekaragaman hayati yang perlu dilindungi. Di sisi lain, keanekaragaman hayati tersebut menjadi potensi wisata yang dimanfaatkan untuk kepentingan ekonomi. Pemerintah Kabupaten Raja Ampat menetapkan Kawasan Perairan Raja Ampat sebagai zona semiintensif, yakni kawasan yang dirancang untuk menerima kunjungan wisatawan dalam skala kecil dengan aktivitas wisata yang terbatas. Kolaborasi antarpemangku kepentingan dalam pemanfaatan potensi wisata diperlukan untuk menghindari berbagai konflik kepentingan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan mekanisme dan hubungan dinamis yang kompleks antarpemangku kepentingan dan mengungkapkan kunci keberhasilan pengelolaan kolaborasi ekowisata di kawasan konservasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Penelitian dilakukan di Kampung Wisata Arborek, Yenbuba dan Sawinggrai Kabupaten Raja Ampat pada bulan Oktober 2020. Pengumpulan data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif dan focus group discussion. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mekanisme pengelolaan kolaborasi dilakukan melalui sinergi peran antara pemerintah, masyarakat, LSM, akademisi, dan swasta mulai dari tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, hingga pengawasan dengan tipe konsultatif. Tipe konsultatif ini ditandai dengan adanya mekanisme dialog antara pemerintah dan masyarakat, tetapi pengambilan keputusan masih dilakukan oleh pemerintah. Kunci keberhasilan pengelolaan kolaborasi ekowisata di kawasan konservasi meliputi (1) koordinasi antarpemangku kepentingan; (2) keterlibatan masyarakat lokal; (3) kesadaran dan komitmen bersama; (4) aturan pengelolaan disepakati bersama; (5) pembentukan kebijakan sesuai dengan kondisi lokal; (6) adanya pembagian kekuasaan dan tanggung jawab; (7) adanya mekanisme penyelesaian konflik; dan (8) berlakunya sanksi.

Title: Mechanism and Keys to Successful Collaboration Management of Marine Ecotourism in The Raja Ampat Conservation Area

The challenge of developing tourism in conservation area arises when the interests of economic development are not aligned with ecological development. Raja Ampat has a biodiversity that needs to be protected. On the other hand, this biodiversity is a tourism potential utilized for economic interests. The Raja Ampat Regency Government has designated the Raja Ampat Waters Area as a semi-intensive zone, namely an area designed to receive tourist visits on a smaller scale with limited tourist activities. Collaboration among stakeholders in utilizing tourism potential is required to avoid various conflicts of interest. This research aims to elucidated complex dynamic mechanisms and relationships between stakeholders and revealed the keys to successful collaborative ecotourism management in conservation areas. This research used a qualitative approach with a case study method. Research was conducted in Arborek, Yenbuba, and Sawinggrai Tourism Villages, Raja Ampat Regency in October 2020. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and focus group discussion. The study results showed that the mechanism collaborative management was carried out through the synergy of multi-party, namely government, communities, NGOs, academics, and the private sector, by forming a collaborative management strategy from planning to monitoring with a consultative type. This consultative type is characterized by the existence of a dialogue mechanism between the government and the community, but decision making is still carried out by the government. The keys to successful collaborative management of ecotourism in conservation areas include (1) coordination between stakeholders; (2) involvement of local communities; (3) awareness and commitment among stakeholders; (4) mutually agreed management rules; (5) local based policies and regulations; (6) a division of power and responsibility; (7) a conflict resolution mechanism; and (8) sanctions apply.

Keywords

ekowisata bahari; kawasan konservasi; pengelolaan kolaborasi; Raja Ampat

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/marina.v10i1.13054