Keberlanjutan Ekonomi Rumah Tangga Pembudi Daya Ikan Kerapu di Kecamatan Gerokgak, Kabupaten Buleleng, Provinsi Bali

Abstract

Ketimpangan sosial ekonomi yang masih terlihat dalam kehidupan masyarakat pesisir telah berkontribusi pada distribusi kemiskinan, sehingga perlu intervensi pemerintah pusat maupun daerah. Tujuan penelitian ini meliputi (1) mengidentifikasi karakteristik usaha rumah tangga (RT); (2) menganalisis indeks keberlanjutan rumah tangga; dan (3) menganalisis strategi keberlanjutan RT pembudi daya kerapu, khususnya di Kecamatan Gerokrak, Kabupaten Buleleng, Bali. Penelitian dilakukan selama bulan Februari—Desember 2018 di Teluk Pegametan, Kabupaten Buleleng, Bali. Riset ini menggunakan pendekatan “Sustainable Livelihood Approach”. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Data yang dikumpulkan diinput dan dianalisis secara deskriptif, analisis finansial, serta penghitungan indeks keberlanjutan ekonomi rumah tangga “iKERT” kelautan dan perikanan yang terdiri dari lima indeks modal (alam, manusia, finansial, sosial, dan fisik). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan besarnya indeks keberlanjutan ekonomi rumah tangga untuk masing-masing modal adalah 75,49 (modal finansial); 59,23 (modal alam); 35,92 (modal fisik); 45,48 (modal manusia); dan 42,34 (modal sosial). Secara komposit, indeks modal alam, indeks modal sosial, indeks modal fisik cukup sesuai dengan keberlanjutan ekonomi rumah tangga kelautan perikanan. Ketiga indeks sudah mendekati nilai rata-rata dari sebaran indeks (50%) yang diasumsikan sebagai kondisi ideal untuk keberlanjutan ekonomi rumah tangga. Sementara itu, kebijakan maupun program yang terkait dengan indeks modal manusia, belum terlalu optimal untuk mendukung keberlanjutan ekonomi rumah tangga pembudi daya ikan di Kecamatan Gerokgak, Kabupaten Buleleng, Bali.

Title: Household Economy Sustainability of Grouper Farmers in Gerokgak Sub District, Buleleng Regency, Bali Province

The socio-economic disparity among coastal communities lead to the widespread distribution of poverty, hence, they need intervention from central government as well as local government. The purpose of this study consists of; 1) to identify the characteristics of household livelihood activity; (2) to analyse the index of household economic sustainability; and (3) to recommend the strategy for sustainable households’ economy. The study was conducted during February to December 2018 in Buleleng Regency (Pegametan Bay), Bali. The research used “Sustainable Livelihood Approach”. Data were collected from interviews, observation, and documentation. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, financial analysis, and index to calculate of the sustainability of fisheries households’ economy called “iKERT” based on five capitals, namely natural, human, financial, social, and physical. The result of the study indicates that the index of each indicator is 75,49 (financial capital); 59,23 (natural capital); 35,92 (physical capital); 45,48 (human capital); and 42,34 (social capital). As a composite manner, the natural capital index, social capital index, physical capital index, are quite appropriate with the household economic sustainability of fish farmers. These three indexes are approach to the average of the index distribution (50%) that is assumed an ideal condition for household economic sustainability. Meanwhile, the related policies and programs to the Human Capital Index have not reached to support the household economic sustainability of fish farmers in Gerokgak Sub District, Buleleng Regency, Bali.