Strategi Adaptasi Rumah Tangga Nelayan dalam Menghadapi Dampak Abrasi

Abstract

Kenaikan permukaan air laut akibat perubahan iklim dapat memicu abrasi yang berdampak negatif pada kerentanan rumah tangga nelayan. Penelitian ini mengkaji tingkat kerentanan di antara rumah tangga nelayan dengan struktur nafkah berlainan dan hubungannya dengan strategi adaptasi yang diterapkan dalam menghadapi dampak abrasi. Kemampuan rumah tangga nelayan menerapkan berbagai strategi adaptasi diduga membuat mereka lebih mampu bertahan dalam menghadapi perubahan lingkungan. Untuk mengkaji hal ini, penelitian lapangan dilakukan pada satu komunitas pesisir di Kabupaten Pasaman Barat, Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Data dikumpulkan melalui survei atas 34 responden dari rumah tangga terdampak abrasi yang dipilih dengan teknik proportional stratified random sampling dan diperkuat dengan observasi lapangan dan wawancara mendalam dengan sejumlah informan.  Untuk melihat hubungan antarvariabel, secara statistik dilakukan uji korelasi Rank Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hubungan signifikan antara tingkat kerentanan dan keragaman strategi adaptasi dengan arah hubungan negatif sebesar -0,508. Selanjutnya, terdapat hubungan signifikan antara struktur nafkah dan tingkat kerentanan dengan arah hubungan negatif sebesar -0,626 serta antara struktur nafkah dan tingkat keragaman strategi adaptasi dengan arah hubungan positif sebesar 0,682. Hal ini berarti makin tinggi tingkat kerentanan maka makin rendah tingkat keragaman strategi adaptasi, lantas makin beragam struktur nafkah maka makin rendah tingkat kerentanan dan makin tinggi tingkat keragaman strategi adaptasi. Berdasarkan temuan ini, disarankan agar pemerintah melakukan upaya pencegahan abrasi yang akan menimbulkan kerentanan pada rumah tangga nelayan. Selain itu, pemerintah perlu mendorong diversifikasi mata pencaharian di antara rumah tangga nelayan dan dalam kaitan ini perlu membenahi tata ruang kawasan wisata bahari dan pengelolaannya secara inklusif agar manfaat ekonominya dapat dirasakan oleh masyarakat secara lebih merata..

Title: Adaptation Strategies by Fishing Household toward the Impact of Coastal Erosion: A Case Study in West Pasaman Regency 

The rise of sea level as the impact of climate change may cause coastal erosion which will negatively induced vulnerabilities among fishing households. This study examines the level of vulnerability among fishing households having various livelihood structures and its relation to their adaptation strategies in dealing with the impacts of coastal erosion. It is assumed that the ability of the fishing households to exercise various adaptation strategies would make them more resilient in addressing environmental changes. To reveal this, a field work was carried out in a coastal community in West Pasaman Regency. Quantitative data was obtained through survey with 34 respondents, all of them are households affected by erosion, selected through proportional stratified random sampling technique, while qualitative data was obtained throuhg participant observations and in-depth interviews with several informants. To see the relation among variables statistically, this study uses Rank Spearman correlation test. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant relationship between level of vulnerability and variety of adaptation strategies with a negative value of -0,508. In addition, there is also a significant relationship between livelihood structure and level of vulnerability with a negative value of -0,626 and between livelihood structure and variety of adaptation strategies with a positive value of 0,682. These mean that the higher the level of vulnerability, the lower the variety of adaptation strategies; then, the more diverse the livelihood structure, the lower the level of vulnerability and the higher the variety of adaptation strategies. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the government should exercise some efforts to prevent coastal erosion which will create some vulnerabilities to fishers households. In addition, the government needs to encourage diversification of livelihoods among fishing households and in this regard, it is necessary to improve the spatial planning of marine tourism areas and their management in an inclusive manner so that the economic benefits can be felt by the community more evenly.

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