Estimasi Nilai Ekonomi Pelestarian Kawasan Pesisir di Kabupaten Gunungkidul Menggunakan Contingent Valuation Method
Abstract
Pembangunan kawasan pesisir di Kabupaten Gunungkidul cukup pesat dan hanya berorientasi pada kepentingan ekonomi jika dibandingkan dengan biaya pelestarian ekosistem. Pelestarian kawasan pesisir membutuhkan partisipasi baik dari masyarakat maupun seluruh pemangku kepentingan (stakeholders) terkait. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis karakteristik ekonomi pemanfaatan kawasan pesisir, menganalisis faktor penentu kesediaan membayar pengunjung dan masyarakat lokal, dan menganalisis nilai ekonomi pelestarian kawasan pesisir. Penelitian dilakukan di Pantai Baron, Drini, Gesing, Ngandong, Ngrenehan, dan Siung di Kabupaten Gunungkidul. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan April—Agustus 2018. Metode pengambilan responden pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik non-probability sample dengan teknik accidental sampling. Objek penelitian adalah masyarakat pesisir dan pengunjung pantai. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah valuasi ekonomi dengan metode penilaian kontingen dan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) karakteristik ekonomi existing pemanfaatan kawasan pesisir yang mendominasi kawasan pesisir terdiri atas perikanan skala kecil dan pariwisata, (2) kesediaan membayar untuk pengelolaan kawasan pesisir lestari dipengaruhi oleh tingkat pendidikan, umur, jenis kelamin, pekerjaan, frekuensi kunjungan, dan status perkawinan, sedangkan faktor pendapatan merupakan faktor yang kurang berarti dalam pengelolaan kawasan pesisir; dan (3) nilai rata-rata willingness to pay pengelolaan kawasan pesisir Kabupaten Gunungkidul adalah Rp9.773,00 per orang per tahun, sedangkan nilai ekonomi pelestarian kawasan pesisir sebesar Rp8,3 miliar per tahun. Strategi pengelolaan kawasan pesisir lestari dilakukan dengan penetapan zonasi pemanfaatan, perbaikan infrastuktur, peningkatan sinergisitas antar-stakeholders, dan peningkatan edukasi kepada masyarakat.
Title: Estimating Economic Preservation Values of The Coastal Area in Gunungkidul Regency Using a Contingent Valuation Method
The development of coastal areas in Gunungkidul Regency is quite rapid and is only oriented towards economic interests compared to the cost of preserving ecosystems. Preservation of the coastal regions require participation of the community and all relevant stakeholders. The aims of the study are to analyze the economic characteristics of the use of coastal areas, analyze the determinants of the willingness to pay of visitors and local communities, and the economic value of coastal areas. The research was conducted at Baron, Drini, Gesing, Ngandong, Ngrenehan, and Siung Beach, Gunungkidul Regency. Research time from April to August 2018. The method of taking respondents in this study used a non-probability sample technique with an accidental sampling technique. The object of research is the coastal community and beach visitors. The analytical method is the economic valuation with contingent valuation and descriptive analysis. Results of the study show that the existing economic characteristics of the use of coastal areas that dominate consist of small-scale fisheries and tourism, also willingness to pay for sustainable coastal area management is influenced by education level, age, gender, occupation, frequency of visits, and marital status. At the same time, income is a less significant factor in coastal area management. The average value of willingness to pay for coastal area management in Gunungkidul Regency is IDR9.773,00 per person per year, while the economic value of the coastal area is IDR8.3 billion per year. Strategy of sustainability coastal area management is carried out by determining utilization zoning, improving infrastructure, increasing collaboration between stakeholders, and increasing public education.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jsekp.v17i2.11464
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