Efisiensi Perikanan Tangkap Skala Kecil di Wilayah Konflik Kabupaten Bangka
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis produktivitas dan efisiensi perikanan tangkap skala kecil di wilayah konflik pesisir timur Kabupaten Bangka. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada tahun 2021 dengan lokasi penelitian adalah sentra nelayan kecil yang meliputi Desa Deniang (Kecamatan Riau Silip) serta Desa Rebo dan Desa Matras (Kecamatan Sungailiat). Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 67 nelayan yang terdiri atas nelayan bagan tancap sebanyak 21 orang, nelayan pancing ulur sebanyak 29 orang, dan nelayan jaring insang hanyut sebanyak 17 orang. Pada musim puncak (April—Oktober), produktivitas rata-rata nelayan bagan tancap mencapai 857,1 kg/trip, nelayan pancing ulur rata-rata 41,1 kg/trip, dan nelayan JIH rata-rata 24,8 kg/trip. Sementara itu, pada musim paceklik (November—Maret), rata-rata produktivitas nelayan turun sebesar 92%. Efisiensi rata-rata nelayan kecil di pesisir timur Kabupaten Bangka cukup baik dengan rata-rata nilai rasio R/C > 1, yaitu nelayan bagan tancap 1,15; nelayan pancing ulur 1,36; dan nelayan JIH dengan nilai 1,35. Nilai efisiensi alat tangkap di wilayah konflik tersebut lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan nilai efisiensi alat tangkap yang sama di wilayah bukan konflik, seperti Desa Tanjung Pura di Kabupaten Bangka Tengah dan Pulau Celagen di Kabupaten Bangka Selatan. Produktivitas nelayan skala kecil di pesisir timur Kabupaten Bangka dapat lebih ditingkatkan melalui inovasi alat bantu rumpon portabel, pengembangan aplikasi untuk mencari titik lokasi ikan, pemanfaatan koperasi perikanan, pengelolaan pesisir berbasis RZWP3K, revitalisasi perairan laut yang terkena dampak aktivitas penambangan, perluasan kawasan konservasi, serta dukungan dan pelindungan nelayan kecil dalam rangka mendukung capaian target indikator SDG 14.
Title: Small-Scale Fisheries Efficiency in Conflict Areas in Bangka Regency
This study aims to analyze the productivity and efficiency of small-scale fisheries in the conflict areas of the eastern coast of Bangka Regency. The research was conducted in a small fishing center, including Deniang Village (Riau Silip Subdistrict), Rebo Village, and Matras Village (Sungailiat Subdistrict) in 2021. The research employs descriptive-quantitative. The respondents were 67 fishers consisting of 21 stationary lift net fishers, 29 hand-line fishers, and 17 drift gill net fishers. During the in-season (April - October), the average productivity of stationary lift net fishers hand-line fisher and drift gill net fishers was 857.1 kg/trip, 41.1 kg/trip, 24.8 kg/trip, respectively. Meanwhile, during the out-of-season (November - March), the average productivity of fishers decreased by 92%. The average efficiency values of the small-scale fishers on the eastern coast of Bangka Regency were moderate, with an average value of R/C ratio > 1, where RC ratio for the stationary lift net, hand-line and drift gill net was 1.15, 1.36 and 1.35, respectively. The efficiency value of fishing gear in the conflict area was lower than that of the same fishing gear in non-conflict areas, such as in Tanjung Pura Village of Central Bangka Regency and Celagen Island of Southeast Bangka. The productivity of small-scale fishers can be further improved through the innovation of portable fishing aggregating device (FAD), the development of applications to find fish location points, utilization of fishery cooperatives, coastal management based on RZWP3K, and revitalization of marine waters affected by mining activities, expansion of conservation areas, as well as support and protection of small-scale fishers in order to support the achievement of SDG 14 indicator targets.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jsekp.v18i1.11767
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