Kemiskinan dan Strategi Penghidupan Nelayan Kecil di Tanjung Kait, Banten

Fitriani Fitriani, Rilus A Kinseng, Djuara P Lubis, Dedi Supriadi Adhuri

Abstract


Nelayan kecil adalah komunitas yang sering dipandang sebagai komunitas miskin. Faktor penyebab kemiskinan pada nelayan kecil bersifat multidimensional. Tidak hanya karena faktor ekologi, faktor pengguasaan aset penghidupan yang tidak merata dapat digunakan untuk memahami kemiskinan pada nelayan kecil. Sebagian besar nelayan kecil masih terperangkap dalam kemiskinan, tetapi ada sebagian kecil dari nelayan kecil yang sukses keluar dari perangkap kemiskinan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat kemiskinan nelayan kecil serta faktor penyebabnya dan menganalisis strategi penghidupan rumah tangga nelayan kecil untuk keluar dari kemiskinan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan penghidupan berkelanjutan. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari hingga Juni 2022 di Kampung Tanjung Kait, Kabupaten Tangerang, Banten. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode campuran dengan jenis strategi sequential exploratory. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah wawancara dan survei terhadap nelayan dengan kategori pemilik kapal dan buruh. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analysis interactive mode untuk data kualitatif dan analisis deskriptif untuk pengolahan data kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemiskinan di rumah tangga nelayan bersifat tidak permanen dan hanya terjadi pada musim paceklik. Di level kelompok nelayan, isu kepemilikan aset pada cara produksi menentukan keuntungan ekonomi yang didapatkan oleh nelayan kecil. Di level rumah tangga, kesenjangan akses dan perbedaan dalam mengelola aset penghidupan menentukan kemiskinan di rumah tangga nelayan kecil. Beberapa rumah tangga dengan strategi penghidupan melalui diversifikasi pekerjaan dengan pengelolaan aset penghidupan yang baik dapat keluar dari perangkap kemiskinan. Peran kelembagaan serta pemanfaatan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi dapat mendukung strategi penghidupan nelayan kecil

Title: Poverty and Livelihood Strategy of Small-Scale Fishers in Tanjung Kait, Banten

Small-scale fishers are community that is often seen as a poor community. The causes of poverty of the small-scale fishers are multidimensional, not only due to ecological factors, the unequal control of livelihood assets can be used in understanding poverty in small-scale fishers. Most of small-scale fishers are still trapped in poverty, but there are a small number of small-scale fishers who managed to get out of poverty trap. This study aims to analyse the poverty of small-scale fishers and its causes and livelihood strategies of small-scale fisher households to get out poverty. The research uses a sustainable livelihood approach.  The research was conducted in January until June 2022 in Tanjung Kait District, Tangerang Regency, Banten. The method used in this research was mixed methods with sequential exploratory strategy. Data collection techniques are in-depth interview and survey to fishing vessel owners and fishing vessel crews. The data analysis method used is interactive analysis mode for qualitative data and descriptive analysis for quantitative data. The result showed that poverty in small-scale fisher households are not permanent and only occurs during the lean season. Ownership of assets in the mode of production determines the economic obtained by small-scale fishers. At the household level, disparities in access and differences in the managing of livelihood assets determine the poverty of small-scale fishers. Several small-scale fisher households with livelihood strategies through job diversification by good management of livelihood assets can get out of the poverty trap. Institutional roles and the use of information and communication technology can support the livelihood strategies of small-scale fishers.


Keywords


nelayan kecil; kemiskinan; aset penghidupan; strategi penghidupan; cara produksi

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jsekp.v18i1.12364

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