Mengadaptasi Keadilan Lingkungan dan DPSIR untuk Mengatasi Dampak Lingkungan Terhadap Perikanan Tangkap di Lahan Basah
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui 1) sebab dan akibat menurunnya hasil tangkapan ikan di lahan basah dan 2) sifat jalin-menjalin dari berbagai bidang ketidakadilan dalam dampak proyek industri skala besar terhadap perikanan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) dan pendekatan keadilan lingkungan untuk menganalisis aspek sosial, ekonomi, dan politik dari penurunan hasil tangkapan ikan. DPSIR mencerminkan hubungan sebab akibat antara manusia dan alam di mana kebutuhan dan keinginan manusia mendorong manusia untuk memanfaatkan tekanan pada lingkungan tertentu yang kemudian mengubah keadaan lingkungan dan menimbulkan dampak sosial dan lingkungan yang perlu ditanggapi. Pengaturan kualitatif digunakan dengan wawancara mendalam dengan 70 pemangku kepentingan dari berbagai tingkatan, termasuk pejabat pemerintah, Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat, nelayan, dan akademisi. Responden dipilih karena pengetahuan mereka tentang isu-isu terkait sumber daya perairan di Kawasan Mahakam Tengah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penurunan tangkapan ikan terutama didorong oleh konsesi lahan untuk perkebunan kelapa sawit. Perluasan perkebunan kelapa sawit berdampak pada berkurangnya daerah penangkapan ikan, penurunan kualitas air, kematian ikan massal, yang menyebabkan kerawanan ekonomi. Hal ini akhirnya memunculkan persepsi tentang isu ketidakadilan distributif karena semua itu mengubah hak-hak nelayan yang kehilangan haknya. Langkah mendasar dalam mencapai keadilan lingkungan dan keberlanjutan perikanan adalah mengenali dan mengintegrasikan pengetahuan nelayan lokal ke dalam perencanaan dan pengelolaan lingkungan.
Title: Adapting The Environmental Justice Approach and DPSIR to Address the Environmental Impact on Wetland Capture Fisheries
This research seeks to understand 1) the reasons behind and consequences of declining fish catches in wetlands, and 2) the interconnected nature of various injustices resulting from large-scale industrial projects on fisheries. The study employs the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework and an environmental justice perspective to explore the social, economic, and political dimensions of the declining fish catches. DPSIR illustrates the causal links between human activities and nature, where human needs and desires prompt pressures on specific environments, altering their state and causing social and environmental impacts that need addressing. A qualitative approach was adopted, involving in-depth interviews with 70 stakeholders, including government officials, NGOs, fishermen, and academics. Respondents were chosen based on their expertise regarding water resource issues in the Central Mahakam area. Findings reveal that the primary driver of declining fish catches is land concessions for palm oil plantations. The expansion of these plantations leads to reduced fishing areas, degraded water quality, mass fish deaths, and consequently, economic vulnerability. These changes have spurred perceptions of distributive injustice as fishermen lose their rights. Recognizing and incorporating local fishermen's knowledge into environmental planning and management is crucial for achieving environmental justice and fisheries sustainability.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jsekp.v19i1.13350
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Published by
Research Center for Marine and Fisheries Socio-Economic
in collaboration with
Indonesian Marine and Fisheries Socio-Economics Research Network
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