KAJIAN SOSIAL EKONOMI PELELANGAN BANDENG DI KABUPATEN PANGKAJENE KEPULAUAN

Abstract

Pelelangan bandeng di Kabupaten Pangkajene Kepulauan (Pangkep) dilakukan oleh beberapa pihak diantaranya pembudidaya, pungawa, pacatto, pagandeng, dan penagih retribusi dengan aturan main yang telah disepakati. Bandeng hasil pelelangan dipasarkan ke  beberapa kabupaten di sekitar Pangkajene dan Kepulauan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik pelelangan bandeng dan rantai pemasaran bandeng, serta menganalisis kinerja pemasaran bandeng. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik wawancara mendalam terhadap pelaku usaha perikanan. Analisis data  menggunakan metode statistik deskriptif dan cost-margin analysis. Hasil analisis menunjukkan rantai pemasaran bandeng di pelelangan terdiri dari 2 rantai diantaranya Pembudidaya-Pungawa-PacattoKonsumen (R1) dan Pembudidaya-Pungawa-Pacatto-Pagandeng-Konsumen (R2). Rantai pemasaran R1 memiliki nilai biaya pemasaran lebih kecil, keuntungan lebih besar, margin pemasaran lebih kecil, farmer’s share lebih besar dan memiliki nilai indeks efisiensi lebih kecil dibandingkan rantai pemasaran  R2. Realisasi penerimaan retribusi pelelangan bandeng di Pangkep terhadap target hampir tercapai  sedangkan terhadap Pendapatan Asli  Daerah (PAD) sangat kecil (< 1 %). Peningkatan pendapatan perkapita masyarakat di Kabupaten Pangkep khususnya pembudidaya bandeng dapat dilakukan dengan pembentukan kelembagaan pelelangan, penambahan fasilitas pelelangan, dan peningkatan koordinasi serta pengawasan data maupun jumlah retribusi pelelangan antara Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan  dan Dinas Pendapatan Daerah.

Title: Social and Economic Study of Milkfish Auction in the  Pangkajene Kepulauan District

The milkfish auctions in Pangkep District have been being practicy by several parties including farmers, pungawa, pacatto, pagandeng, and levy collectors with agreed rules. Milkfish from the auction were marketed to several districts near by the Pangkep district. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of the milkfish auction, milkfish marketing chain, and analyze the performance of
milkfish marketing efficiency. Data collected using indept interview techniques to fish farm respondents. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods and cost-margin analysis. Results showed that milkfish marketing chain in auction consists of 2 chains including fish farmers-Pungawa-Pacatto Consumer (R1) and Fish farmers-Pungawa-Pacatto-Pagandeng-Consumer (R2). Marketing chain R1 has lower marketing costs, greater profits, lower marketing margins, larger farmer’s share and has a efficiency index value is smaller than R2 marketing chain. Levy revenue realization milkfish auctions in Pangkep against almost achieved the target while contributing to the auction levy revenue (PAD) is very small (<1%). Increased incomes in particular Pangkep milkfish farmers can do with the establishment of the institutional tender, the addition of auction facilities, and improved coordination and monitoring of data and the amount of levy auction between the Local Autority in Marine and Fisheries Sector and Local Autority in Revenue.