PERUBAHAN SOSIAL MASYARAKAT NELAYAN KECAMATAN SUNGAI APIT AKIBAT REKAYASA SOSIAL PANDEMI COVID-19

Abstract

Pandemi Covid-19 disikapi dengan berbagai bentuk rekayasa sosial, seperti pembatasan sosial berskala besar dan menengah, kebijakan sekolah dan bekerja dari rumah, serta penerapan protokol kesehatan. Hal tersebut melahirkan perubahan sosial yang direncanakan dengan hasil akhir yang diharapkan adalah terputusnya mata rantai penyebaran Covid-19. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) mengidentifikasi faktor penggerak perubahan sosial, (2) mengidentifikasi rekayasa sosial (program pemerintah) yang diterima masyarakat nelayan Kecamatan Sungai Apit pada masa pandemi Covid-19, dan (3) mengidentifikasi bentuk perubahan sosial masyarakat nelayan Kecamatan Sungai Apit akibat pandemi Covid-19. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data primer yang dilakukan adalah in-depth interview dengan informan kunci serta studi literatur untuk mengumpulkan data sekunder terkait indikator perubahan sosial. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa faktor penggerak perubahan sosial berasal dari eksternal masyarakat/faktor eksogen, yakni program dan kebijakan pemerintah (BLT Covid-19, PSBB, serta pemberlakuan sekolah dan bekerja dari rumah) sebagai bentuk rekayasa sosial yang memengaruhi perubahan sosial masyarakat nelayan. Bentuk perubahan sosial yang terjadi adalah perubahan jenis kegiatan produktif, tingkat kesejahteraan, dan budaya atau gaya hidup masyarakat. Rekayasa sosial pada masa Covid-19 tidak menyebabkan perubahan   pada   struktur   masyarakat   nelayan,   tetapi   perubahan   pada   budaya   masyarakat.

Title: Social Changes Of Fisheries Community In Sungai Apit Subdistrict Due To Pandemi Social Engineering Covid-19

The Covid-19 pandemic has been addressed with various forms of social engineering such as large and medium-scale social restrictions, school policies and work from home and the application of health protocols. This gave birth to planned social changes with the expected end result being the discontinuation of the chain of the spread of Covid-19. The objectives of this study were (1) to identify the driving factors for social change, (2) to identify social engineering (government programs) received by the fishers community of Sungai Apit Subdistrict during the Covid-19 pandemic and (3) identify the form of social change in the fishers community of Sungai Apit Subdistrict due to the Covid-19 pandemic and the accompanying social engineering. The method used in this research is a qualitative approach. The primary data collection technique was in-depth interviews with key informants and a literature study was conducted to collect secondary data related to indicators of social change. The method of data analysis is descriptive qualitative. The results of the analysis show that the driving factors for social change come from external community/exogenous factors, namely government programs and policies (BLT Covid-19, PSBB and implementation of school and work from home) as a form of social engineering that affects social change in fishers communities. The form of social change that occurs is a change in the type of productive activity, the level of welfare and the culture or lifestyle of the community. Social engineering during the Covid-19 period did not cause changes to the structure of the fishers community, but rather a change in the culture of the community.