DAMPAK FLUKTUASI PASAR IKAN UNI EROPA TERHADAP UTILITAS INDUSTRI PERIKANAN DI PELABUHAN PERIKANAN SAMUDERA NIZAM ZACHMAN JAKARTA

Abstract

Penelitian terdahulu dan pernyataan beberapa asosiasi bidang perikanan menyatakan bahwa tingkat utilitas unit pengolahan ikan rendah sebagai akibat kekurangan bahan baku ikan. Di sisi lain, pada saat yang sama data statistik menunjukkan peningkatan hasil tangkapan yang didaratkan. Hal ini menimbulkan pertanyaan apakah benar tingkat utilitas unit pengolahan ikan disebabkan oleh kekurangan bahan baku. Penelitian ini menginvestigasi tahapan pengadaan bahan baku di unit pengolahan ikan beku dengan tujuan ekspor Uni Eropa. Penelitian yang bersifat kualitatif ini dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam dan diskusi berkelanjutan dengan responden yang memiliki kewenangan dan pengetahuan terkait proses pengadaan bahan baku. Informasi diolah dengan teknik 5W1H dan dikaji secara deskriptif dengan bantuan referensi teori dan kasus pemasaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa unit pengolahan ikan beku hanya berproduksi apabila ada pesanan dari pembeli luar negeri. Artinya, unit pengolahan hanya akan membeli bahan baku setelah menerima kepastian permintaan dari pembeli (Uni Eropa). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pasar produk ikan beku di Uni Eropa bersifat oligopsoni. Terbukti bahwa dalam kasus ekspor produk ikan beku ke Uni Eropa, ketersediaan bahan baku ikan bukanlah faktor penentu rendahnya utilitas unit pengolahan ikan. Direkomendasikan langkah aksi untuk memperluas jaringan pembeli dan meningkatkan jumlah penjualan dengan target negara-negara Uni Eropa yang memiliki tingkat konsumsi ikan tinggi dengan jumlah produksi ikan domestik rendah.

Title: Fluctuation Impact of the European Union Fish Market on Utility of Fisheries Industries in the Nizam Zachman Jakarta Ocean Fishing Port

Previous research and statements from several fishery associations mentioned that the utility level of fish processing units is low because of fish raw materials shortage. On the other hand, at the same periode statistical data shows an increase in catches landed. This raises the question of whether it is true that the level of utility of fish processing unit is caused by shortage of raw materials. This study investigates the stages of procurement of raw materials for frozen fish processing units for export to the European Union. This qualitative research was conducted through in-depth interviews and iterative discussions with respondents who have the authority and knowledge regarding the raw material procurement process within the companies. Information is processed using the 5W1H technique and analyzed descriptively with the help of theoretical references and marketing cases. The results showed that the frozen fish processing unit only produced when there was an order from foreign buyers. This means that the processing unit will only buy raw materials after receiving confirmed requests from EU buyers. This shows that within the scope of the research, it was revealed that the market for frozen fish products in the European Union is oligopsony. So it is proven that in the case of frozen fish products to the European Union, the availability of fish raw materials is not a determining factor for the low level utility of fish processing unit. Action steps are recommended to expand the network of buyers and increase the number of sales by targeting European Union countries that have high levels of fish consumption with low amounts of domestic fish production.