EVALUASI KINERJA PRODUKSI DAN EFISIENSI PAKAN PADA BUDIDAYA UDANG VANAMEI (Litopenaeus vannamei) SISTEM INTENSIF

Asep Akmal Aonullah; Anja Asmarany; Lusiana BR Ritonga; Dian Lestari

doi:10.15578/chanos.v24i1.17638

EVALUASI KINERJA PRODUKSI DAN EFISIENSI PAKAN PADA BUDIDAYA UDANG VANAMEI (Litopenaeus vannamei) SISTEM INTENSIF

Asep Akmal Aonullah, Anja Asmarany, Lusiana BR Ritonga, Dian Lestari

Abstract

The main issue addressed in this study is the application of intensive whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) culture at PT Padak Goar, East Lombok Regency, Indonesia. The objective of this study is to determine the technical parameters of intensive Vannamei shrimp farming, including stocking density, feed management, growth performance (ABW and ADG), feed efficiency (FCR), survival rate (SR), and their relationship with water quality.. The study was conducted in two grow-out ponds with surface areas of 7,648 m2 (B4) and 7,680 m2 (B5). Data collection covered stocking density, Average Body Weight (ABW), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), and Survival Rate (SR). The observation results were then analyzed using a quantitative descriptive approach to assess feed consumption in relation to production parameters, particularly FCR and shrimp growth. The results showed that in pond B4, the stocking density was 124 ind/m2, ABW was 14.3 g, ADG ranged from 0.24 to 0.37 g/day, FCR was 1.7, and SR was 70%, while in pond B5, the stocking density was 125 ind/m2, ABW was 12.9 g, ADG ranged from 0.21 to 0.33 g/day, FCR was 1.9, and SR was 66%. The results indicate that the intensive culture system is capable of supporting good shrimp growth and survival; however, differences in feed efficiency between ponds suggest that water quality and feed management play important roles in determining production performance.

Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana penerapan sistem budidaya udang Vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) secara intensif di PT Padak Goar Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui parameter teknis budidaya intensif udang Vannamei meliputi meliputi padat tebar, manajemen pakan, pertumbuhan (ABW dan ADG), efisiensi pakan (FCR), tingkat kelangsungan hidup (SR), serta keterkaitannya dengan kualitas air. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode observasi lapangan pada dua petak tambak dengan luas masing-masing 7.648 m2 (B4) dan 7.680 m2 (B5). Data yang diamati mencakup padat tebar benur, Average Body Weight (ABW), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), serta Survival Rate (SR). Hasil pengamatan kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif untuk konsumsi pakan terhadap parameter produksi, khususnya FCR dan pertumbuhan udang. Terjemhkan ke bahasa Inggris yang baik dan benar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada petak B4 diperoleh padat tebar 124 ekor/m2, ABW 14,3 g, ADG 0,24–0,37 g/hari, FCR 1,7, dan SR 70%, sedangkan pada petak B5 diperoleh padat tebar 125 ekor/m2, ABW 12,9 g, ADG 0,21–0,33 g/hari, FCR 1,9, dan SR 66%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem budidaya intensif mampu mendukung pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup udang yang baik; namun, perbedaan efisiensi pakan antar petak mengindikasikan bahwa kualitas air dan manajemen pakan berperan penting dalam menentukan kinerja produksi.

Full Text:

PDF

References

Aisyah, D., Ramadhani, A. W., Fattah, M., Sofiati, D., & Anandya, A. (2023). Pengaruh kelimpahan plankton dan kualitas air terhadap performa pertumbuhan udang vanname pada sistem budidaya intensif. Jurnal lemuru, 5(2), 173-182.

Akange, E. T., Okomoda, V. T., Mohamed, M. S., Shukri, Z. N. A., Zakariah, M. I., Ghazali, A., & Kasan, N. A. (2025). Optimising the control factors of a smart biofloc aquaculture system for the sustainable production of Pacific whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture International, 33(6), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-025-02324-x.

Apresia, F., Uwaz, C. R., & Azzura, K. F. (2024). The effect of water quality on the performance growth of vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) at the center for brackish aquaculture fisheries. Journal of Marine Biotechnology and Immunology, 2(3), 27-35. https://doi.org/10.61741/b61qm672.

Astutik, S., Andayani, S., & Hertika, A. M. S. (2025). Comparison of Water Conditions and Growth Performance of Vannamei Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) under Different Pond Management Systems (Superintensive, Intensive, and Traditional Culture Systems). Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 11(6), 390-404. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v11i6.10130.

Boyd, C. E., & Tucker, C. S. (2012). Pond aquaculture water quality management. Springer Science & Business Media.

Cao, T. T., Le, H. A., & Eppe, G. (2025). Nutrient dynamics, environmental impacts, and feed efficiency in intensive whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) farming on sandy soils in Ninh Thuan, Vietnam. Aquaculture Reports, 44, 103050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103050.

Han, S., Wang, B., Wang, M., Liu, Q., Zhao, W., & Wang, L. (2017). Effects of ammonia and nitrite accumulation on the survival and growth performance of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Invertebrate Survival Journal, 14(1), 221-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2024.102014.

Iskandar, A., Wandanu, D., & Muslim. (2022). Teknik Produksi Pembesaran Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei): Studi Kasus di PT. Dewi Laut Aquaculture Garut. NEKTON: Jurnal Perikanan Dan Ilmu Kelautan, 2(2), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.47767/nekton.v2i2.331

Jarir, D. V., Anton, A., Anton, S. W., Yunarti, Y., Fatmah, F., Jayadi, J., & Usman, H. (2020). Strategi Pengelolaan Tambak Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) Terhadap Sebaran Penyakit Parasiter Di Kecamatan Tanete Riattang Timur. Journal Of Indonesian Tropical Fisheries (Joint-Fish) : Jurnal Akuakultur, Teknologi Dan Manajemen Perikanan Tangkap, Ilmu Kelautan, 3(1), 28–39. https://doi.org/10.33096/joint-fish.v3i1.63.

Junior, A. P. B., Flickinger, D. L., & Henry-Silva, G. G. (2021). Sedimentation rates of nutrients and particulate material in pond mariculture of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) carried out with different management strategies. Aquaculture, 534, 736307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.736307.

KEPMEN KP Republik Indonesia. (2022). Keputusan Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan Republik Indonesia Nomor 15 Tahun 2022 tentang Pedoman Umum Budidaya Udang Berkelanjutan. Jakarta: KKP.

Kilawati, Y., & Maimunah, Y. (2015). Kualitas Lingkungan Tambak Intensif Litopenaeus vannamei Dalam Kaitannya Dengan Prevalensi Penyakit White Spot Syndrome Virus. Research Journal of Life Science, 2(1), 50–59. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.rjls.2015.002.01.7

Latifah, A. L., Revaldi, M., & Destianty, M. N. (2025). Peran udang vaname dalam meningkatkan daya saing ekspor perikanan indonesia di pasar global. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Dan Manajemen, 3(2), 319–325.

Li, H., Gu, S., Wang, L., Shi, W., Jiang, Q., & Wan, X. (2024). Dynamic changes of environment and gut microbial community of Litopenaeus vannamei in greenhouse farming and potential mechanism of gut microbial community construction. Fishes, 9(5), 155.https://doi.org/3390/fishes9050155.

Liang, Q., Liu, G., Luan, Y., Niu, J., Li, Y., Chen, H., ... & Zhu, S. (2025). Impact of feeding frequency on growth performance and antioxidant capacity of Litopenaeus vannamei in recirculating aquaculture systems. Animals, 15(2), 192.https://doi.org/3390/ani15020192.

Lin, L., Zhuo, H., Zhang, Y., Li, J., Zhou, X., Wu, G., & Liu, J. (2024). Effects of ammonia exposure and post-exposure recovery in pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei: Histological, physiological and molecular responses. Aquatic Toxicology, 277, 107133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.107133.

Muahiddah, N., & Affandi, R. I. (2023). Potensi Ekstrak Spirulina sp. Sebagai Imunostimulan Pada Bidang Akuakultur. Jurnal Sains Teknologi & Lingkungan, 9(4), 754–763. https://doi.org/10.29303/jstl.v9i4.525

Nan, Y., Xiao, M., Duan, Y., & Yang, Y. (2024). Toxicity of ammonia stress on the physiological homeostasis in the gills of Litopenaeus vannamei under seawater and low-salinity conditions. Biology, 13(4), 281. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology13040281.

Nazarudin, M. F., Zulkiply, M. A. F., Samsuri, M. H., Khairil Anwar, N. A. S., Jamal, N. S. A., Alipiah, N. M., ... & Rosli, M. H. (2025). Optimizing shrimp culture through environmental monitoring: Effects of water quality and metal ion profile on whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) performance in a semi-intensive culture pond. Water, 17(19), 2818.https://doi.org/10.3390/w17192818.

Pantjara, B., Syafaat, M. N., & Kristanto, A. H. (2015). Effect of Dynamical Water Quality on Shrimp Culture in the Integrated Multitropic Aquaculture (Imta). Indonesian Aquaculture Journal, 10(1), 81. https://doi.org/10.15578/iaj.10.1.2015.81-90.

Pratama, A., Wardiyanto., & Supono. (2017). Studi performa udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) yang dipelihara dengan sistem semi intensif pada kondisi air tambak dengan kelimpahan plankton yang berbeda pada saat penebaran. E-Jurnal Rekayasa Dan Teknologi Budidaya Perairan, 6(1), 643–651.

Purnamasari, I., Purnama, D., & Utami, M.A.F. (2017). Pertumbuhan Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) Di Tambak Intensif. Jurnal Enggano, 2(1), 58-67.

Ritonga, L.BR., Arifin, M.A., Harijono, T., Aonullah, A.A & Bawazir, Ach. F.M. (2024). Performa Pertumbuhan Dan Kelulushidupan Pada Budidaya Udang Vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) Di Tambak Intensif Pt. Andulang Shrimp Farm Sumenep, Jawa Timur. AURELIA JOURNAL, 6 (1), 103-112. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/aj.v6i1.13670.

Samawi, G., Panjaitan, A. S., Marlina, E., Pamaharyani, L.I., Bosman, O., & Suseno, D. N. (2021). Efektivitas Penggunaan Automatic Feeder Pada Budidaya Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) Di PT. Windu Marina Abadi Kecamatan Sambelia, Lombok Timur. Buletin Jalanidhitah Sarva Jivitam, 3(2), 93. https://doi.org/10.15578/bjsj.v3i2.10719.

Scabra, A. R., Junaidi, M., & Hafizi, A. (2024). Growth of Vannamei Shrimp (Litopeneaus vannamei) in Rearing Media with Different Salinities. Jurnal Biologi Tropis, 24(2), 26–36. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v24i2.5904.

SNI 01-7246. (2006). Produksi Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) di Tambak dengan Teknologi Intensif. Badan Standardisasi Nasional, SNI 01 724(september), 1–11.

SNI 8228-1 (2022). Budidaya Udang Penaeid. Jakarta: Badan Standardisasi Nasional.

Soegiyanto, W., Subagio, H., & Sofijanto, M. A. (2024). Pengaruh Kepadatan Tebar Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Kelangsungan Hidup Post Larva Udang VannameI (Litopenaeus vannamei) Pada Budidaya Sistem. Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Perikanan, 4(2), 145–160.

Tamsil, A., Hasnidar., Saenong, M., Musaldi, A., & Akram, A. M. (2025). Efektifitas Penggunaan Probiotik Pada Pentokolan Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei. Journal of Indonesian Tropical Fisheries (JOINT-FISH): Jurnal Akuakultur, Teknologi dan Manajemen Perikanan Tangkap dan Ilmu Kelautan, 8(1), 2655-5883.

Widiastiti, N. N., Adnyana, I. M. D. M., & Noor, S. M. (2024). Teknik Budidaya Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) secara Intensif di UD. Lumiti Desa Awen, Jembrana, Bali. Jurnal Vokasi Ilmu-Ilmu Perikanan (Jvip), 5(1), 52. https://doi.org/10.35726/jvip.v5i1.7145.

Witoko, P., Purbosari, N., Nuning, D., & Noor, M. (2018). Analisis Kelayakan Usaha Budidaya Udang Vanname (Litopenaeus vannamei) di Keramba Jaring Apung Laut. Jurnal Manajemen Pengembangan Industri Kecil Menengah, 13(2), 175–179. http://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/jurnalmpi/.

Zainuddin, Haryati, & Aslamyah, S. S. (2014). The Influence Of Carbohydrate Level And Feeding Frequency On Feed Convertion Ratio And Survival Rate Of Litopenaeus Vannamei Juvenile. Jurnal Perikanan Universitas Gadjah Mada, 16(1), 29–34.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/chanos.v24i1.17638