DAYA TERIMA KONSUMEN MI INSTAN SEHAT DENGAN VARIASI RASIO SUBSTITUSI TEPUNG TULANG IKAN TUNA (Thunnus sp.) DAN TEPUNG KACANG HIJAU (Vigna radiata L.) SEBAGAI SUBSTITUSI PARSIAL TEPUNG TERIGU
Abstract
Instant noodles are one of the most widely consumed wheat flour-based food products in Indonesia; however, their nutritional profile is dominated by carbohydrates and low in protein, vitamins, and minerals. This study aimed to evaluate consumer acceptability of healthy instant noodles with varying ratios of partial wheat flour substitution using tuna bone flour (Thunnus sp.) and mung bean flour (Vigna radiata L.). A hedonic test with three replicates was conducted across four treatments: S₀ (control, no substitution), S₁ (tuna 8% : mung bean 8%, ratio 1:1), S₂ (tuna 12%: mung bean 4%, ratio 3:1), and S₃ (tuna 4%: mung bean 12%, ratio 1:3). Evaluation was performed by 30 semi-trained panelists using a 1–9 hedonic scale (SNI 2346-2015) on six sensory parameters: appearance, texture, taste, color, aroma, and overall acceptability. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by paired Mann-Whitney comparisons. Results showed that all six sensory parameters differed significantly among treatments. The control (S₀) received the highest scores across all parameters (overall: 7.83 ± 0.93) and differed significantly from all substituted treatments. Among substituted treatments, S₃ obtained the highest overall acceptability score (5.23 ± 1.40), was significantly better than S₂ in taste, and better than S₁ in aroma; thus, S₃ was selected as the best formulation for further proximate analysis.
Mi instan merupakan salah satu produk pangan berbasis tepung terigu yang paling banyak dikonsumsi di Indonesia, namun profilnya didominasi karbohidrat dan rendah protein, vitamin, serta mineral. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi daya terima konsumen terhadap mi instan sehat dengan variasi rasio substitusi parsial tepung terigu oleh tepung tulang ikan tuna (Thunnus sp.) dan tepung kacang hijau (Vigna radiata L.). Uji hedonik dilaksanakan dengan 3 kali pengulangan pada empat perlakuan yaitu S₀ (kontrol, tanpa substitusi), S₁ (tuna 8% : kacang hijau 8%, rasio 1:1), S₂ (tuna 12% : kacang hijau 4%, rasio 3:1), dan S₃ (tuna 4% : kacang hijau 12%, rasio 1:3), dengan total substitusi parsial dijaga konstan sebesar 16%. Uji hedonik dilaksanakan oleh 30 panelis semi-terlatih menggunakan skala hedonik 1–9 (SNI 2346-2015) pada enam parameter sensoris meliputi kenampakan, tekstur, rasa, warna, bau/aroma, dan penerimaan keseluruhan. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Kruskal-Wallis dilanjutkan uji Mann-Whitney berpasangan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa seluruh enam parameter sensoris berbeda nyata antar perlakuan. Mi instan kontrol (S₀) memperoleh skor tertinggi pada semua parameter (overal: 7,83±0,93) dan berbeda nyata terhadap seluruh perlakuan tersubstitusi. Di antara perlakuan tersubstitusi, S₃ memperoleh skor penerimaan keseluruhan tertinggi (5,23±1,40) dan secara nyata lebih baik dari S₂ pada parameter rasa serta lebih baik dari S₁ pada parameter bau/aroma, sehingga ditetapkan sebagai formulasi terpilih untuk dikaji lebih lanjut melalui analisis proksimat untuk mengetahui kandungan gizinya.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Aanangi, R., Kotapati, K. V., Palaka, B. K., Kedam, T., Kanika, N. D., & Ampasala, D. R. (2016). Purification and characterization of lipoxygenase from mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) germinating seedlings. 3 Biotech, 6(1): 113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-016-0427-5
Adebiyi, J. A., Obadina, A. O., Adebo, O. A., & Kayitesi, E. (2018). Fermented and malted millet products in Africa: Expedition from traditional/ethnic foods to industrial value-added products. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 58(3), 463-474. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2016.1188056
Ahmed, I., Qazi, I. M., Li, Z., & Ullah, J. (2016). Rice noodles: Materials, processing and quality evaluation. Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part B, 53(3B), 215-238.
Almagfirah, N., Liles, & Laenggeng, Abd Hakim. (2022). Fortifikasi Tepung Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera) pada Pembuatan Mie Basah Terhadap Kandungan Karbohidrat dan Protein Serta Pemanfaatannya Sebagai Media Pembelajaran. J. of Biology Science and Education (JBSE), 10(1), 10-15.
Anasri, A., Panjaitan, P. S. T., Sayuti, M., & Saeroji, A. (2022). Fortifikasi Tepung Tulang Ikan Swanggi (Priacanthus tayenus) pada Pembuatan Mi Instan. Jurnal Kelautan Dan Perikanan Terapan (JKPT), 5(2), 135–141.
Canti, M., Fransiska, I., & Lestari, D. (2020). Karakteristik Mi Kering Substitusi Tepung Terigu dengan Tepung Labu Kuning dan Tepung Ikan Tuna. Jurnal Aplikasi Teknologi Pangan, 9(4), 181-187. https://doi.org/10.17728/jatp.6801
Canti, M., Siswanto, M., & Lestari, D. (2022). Evaluasi Kualitas Mi Kering dengan Tepung Labu Kuning dan Tepung Ikan Cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis) sebagai Substitusi Sebagian Tepung Terigu. AgriTECH, 42(1): 39-47.
Darmawangsyah, D., Jamaluddin P, J. P., & Kadirman, K. (2016). Fortifikasi Tepung Tulang Ikan Bandeng (Chanos chanos) dalam Pembuatan Kue Kering. Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi Pertanian, 2(2), 149–156. https://doi.org/10.26858/jptp.v2i2.5170
Gasparre, N., & Rosell, C. M. (2023). Wheat gluten: A functional protein still challenging to replace in gluten-free cereal-based foods. Cereal Chemistry, 100(2), 243-255.
Gatade, A. A., & Sahoo, A. K. (2015). Effect of additives and steaming on quality of air dried noodles. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 52(12), 8395–8402. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-015-2013-y
Hu, X., Cheng, L., Hong, Y., Li, Z., Li, C., & Gu, Z. (2023). An extensive review: How starch and gluten impact dough machinability and resultant bread qualities. Critical Reviews in Food Sci. and Nutri. 63(13), 1930–1941. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2021.1969535
Iman Fauzi, M., dan Nia Kurniawati, J., & Kunci, K. (2017). Fortifikasi Daging Ikan Nila Terhadap Karakteristik Organoleptik dan Kandungan Gizi Kecimpring Tilapia. Jurnal Perikanan dan Kelautan, VIII (2), 161-167.
Kruskal, W. H., & Wallis, W. A. (1952). Use of Ranks in One-Criterion Variance Analysis. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 47(260), 583–621.
Lawless, H. T., & Heymann, H. (2010). Sensory Evaluation of Food: Principles and Practices, 2nd Ed. New York: Springer
Litaay, C., Indriati, A., & Mayasti, N. K. I. (2022). Fortification of sago noodles with fish meal skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis). Food Science and Technology, 42, 1-7.
Liu, J., Qi, Y., Hassane Hamadou, A., Tufail, T., Guo, Q., Zhang, J., & Xu, B. (2024). Effects of dough sheets resting on textural properties of long-life noodles via moisture migration and gluten network development. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 59(5), 3167-3175. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.17061
Liu, L., Zhao, Y., Zeng, M., & Xu, X. (2024). Research progress of fishy odor in aquatic products: From substance identification, formation mechanism, to elimination pathway. Food Research Internasional, 178: 113914.
Luo, H., Zhang, Z., Zou, Y., Tang, Z., Gu, M., Zhou, Y., & Zhao, G. (2025). Quality improvements of reconstituted noodles by pre-hydrating gluten: Insights at different levels. Food Chemistry, 472: 142923. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.142923
Meilgaard Morten, Civille Gail Vance, & Carr Thomas. (2014). Sensory Evaluation Techniques, Fourth Edition. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Nuryani, N., Ayub, R., Setiawan, D. I., Napu, A., & Febry K.D, A. B. (2025). Pengembangan Mi Kering Modifikasi Tepung Ikan Cakalang dengan Tepung Bayam Hijau. Journal of Dietetics Science, 1(2).
Obadi, M., Li, Y., Qi, Y., & Xu, B. (2023). The resting process: a comprehensive review of the effects on dough properties and resulting noodles quality, including improvement strategies. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 58(11), 5637-5437. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.16700
Ong, D. S. M., Lee, H. W., Yeo, M. T. Y., & Chiang, J. H. (2024). Nutritional, anti-nutrient, stability and organoleptic characterisation of plant-based milk alternatives derived from adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) and mung bean (Vigna radiata). F. Foods, 10: 100402.
Pérez, A., Ruz, M., García, P., Jiménez, P., Valencia, P., Ramírez, C., Pinto, M., Nuñez, S. M., Park, J. W., & Almonacid, S. (2024). Nutritional Properties of Fish Bones: Potential Applications in the Food Industry. Food Reviews Int., 40,(1), 79-91.
Rachmawati, W. & Wening, D.K. (2024). Formulasi Mi Kering Substitusi Tepung Tulang Ikan Patin dengan Penambahan Sari Buah Bit. Jurnal Ilmiah Gizi Kesehatan (JIGK), 5(02), 67–73.
Rodriguez, D., Sued, M., & Valdora, M. (2026). A Kruskal-Wallis type test for functional data. Communications in Statistics-Simulation and Computation, 55(5), 1787–1801.
Roifah, M., Razak, M., & Suwita, I. K. (2019). Substitusi tepung kacang hijau (Vigna radiata) dan tepung ikan tuna (Thunnus sp) sebagai biskuit PMT ibu hamil terhadap kadar proksimat, nilai energi, kadar zat besi, dan mutu organoleptik. Tekn. Pangan : Media Informasi dan Komunikasi Ilmiah Tekno. Pertanian, 10(2), 135-146.
Saputra, Z., Palandeng, I. D., & Tumewu, F. J. (2022). Analisis Rantai Pasok Perikanan Tangkap Ikan Tuna di Kota Bitung Pada Saat Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal EMBA : Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis dan Akuntansi, 10(3), 145-153.
Setyaningsih, D., Apriyantono, A., & Sari, M. P. (2010). Analisis Sensori untuk Industri Pangan dan Agro. IPB Press.
Sitepu, G. S. B., Andayani, S. N., Setiabudi, G. I., Maharani, M. D. K., & Panjaitan, F. C. A. (2023). Healthy Cookies: Nutritious Food Innovation Through Fortification By-products of Tuna (Thunnus sp.) Fish Bone Flour. Advances in Tropical Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, 7(2), 55-62.
Sriyanto, S., & Apriyanto, M. (2014). Substitusi Tepung Terigu dengan Tepung Kacang Hijau dalam Pengolahan Mie Kering. Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian, 3(2), 34-42. https://doi.org/10.32520/jtp.v3i2.72
Suciani, A., Ruhiat, D., & Rahayu Septiani, S. D. (2022). Komparasi hasil analisis beda rata-rata menggunakan metode statistik parametrik dan nonparametrik. Jurnal Riset Matematika Dan Sains Terapan, 2(2), 92-102.
Tukan, M. M. N. M., Dawan, B. J. G. J., & Lida, K. N. (2025). Nutritional Value Analysis of Dried Noodles with the Addition of Tuna (Thunnus sp.) and Skipjack (Katsuwonus Pelamis). Research Horizon, 5(5), 2009-2018.
Uthai, N. (2021). Effect of Partially Substituting Wheat Flour with Fish Bones Powder on the Properties and Quality of Noodles. African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, 21(1), 17313-17329.
Wang, Y., Chen, J., Xu, F., Xue, Y., & Wang, L. (2024). Steaming treatments affect the quality of instant dough sheets through moisture migration and the structural properties of starch and protein. LWT, 205: 116492.
Wichchukit, S., & O’Mahony, M. (2015). The 9-point hedonic scale and hedonic ranking in food science: Some reappraisals and alternatives. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 95(11), 2167–2178.
Winarti, S., Susiloningsih, E. K. B., & Fasroh, F. Y. Z. (2017). Karakteristik Mie Kering dengan Substitusi Tepung Gembili dan Penambahan Plastiziser GMS (Gliserol Mono Stearat). AGROINTEK, 11(2), 53-62.
World Instant Noodles Association – WINA. (2024). Global demand for instant noodles.
Yuliani, H., Yuliana, N.D., & Budijanto, S. (2015). Formulasi Mi Kering Sagu dengan Substitusi Tepung Kacang Hijau. AgriTECH, 35(4), 387-395.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/chanos.v24i1.20533
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2026 Chanos Chanos
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Jurnal Penelitian Chanos Chanos
Published by Politeknik Kelautan dan Perikanan Sidoarjo
-----------------------------------------------------------------
Already Indexing:
-----------------------------------------------------------------
All published articles are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
-----------------------------------------------------------------
EDITORIAL OFFICE:


kecil1.jpg)







