Integrasi Kelembagaan Pengelolaan Kawasan Konservasi Perairan Daerah Kabupaten Raja Ampat Melalui Analisis Level Aksi Kelembagaan

Abstract

Masalah pengelolaan kawasan konservasi seringkali dipengaruhi oleh ketidaksesuaian kebijakan antara pemerintah pusat, pemerintah provinsi dan pemerintah kabupaten serta bagaimana kepatuhan terhadap pelaksanaan kebijakan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji integrasi kelembagaan pengelolaan kawasan konservasi perairan daerah melalui analisis pada tiga level aksi kelembagaan yaitu level konstitusional, kolektif dan operasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis konten peraturan dan analisis deskriptif. Penelitian dilakukan di Kampung Arborek, Yenbuba dan Sawinggrai Kabupaten Raja Ampat pada bulan Oktober 2022. Pengumpulan data diperoleh melalui wawancara, observasi, focus group discussion dan analisis dokumen Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Integrasi kelembagaan dalam pengelolaan kawasan konservasi perairan daerah Kabupaten Raja Ampat telah terbentuk. Pada level konstitusional, integrasi kelembagaan terlihat dari kesesuaian aturan mengenai pihak yang berwenang dalam penyusunan rencana zonasi dan pengelolaan kawasan konservasi perairan serta adanya pengakuan kewenangan masyarakat adat. Pada integrasi di level kolektif terwujud melalui adanya kesesuaian tujuan lintas sektor dan kerjasama antar pemangku kepentingan. Pada level operasional, integrasi kelembagaan terwujud melalui kesesuaian pemahaman mengenai batas wilayah konservasi perairan, pelaksanaan aturan konservasi dan pemberlakuan sanksi. Rekomendasi kebijakan yang dapat memperkuat integrasi kelembagaan pengelolaan kawasan konservasi perairan Raja Ampat antara lain: 1) penyesuaian pembaruan penetapan kebijakan mengenai wewenang pengelolaan antara pemerintah pusat, provinsi dan kabupaten; 2) peningkatan kapasitas kelembagaan Dewan Adat Suku Maya dengan cara memberi dukungan dana, keterampilan, atau keahlian untuk menjalankan program-program konservasi perairan; 3) penyesuaian luas konservasi antara yang ditetapkan oleh pemerintah pusat, pemerintah provinsi Papua Barat dan pemerintah Kabupaten Raja Ampat; serta 4) pemberian tanda batas pada zona-zona konservasi.

Title : The Institutional Integration of Marine Conservation Area Management in Raja Ampat Regency Through Institutional Action Level Analysis

The management of conservation areas is often influenced by the misalignment of policies between the central government, provincial government, and regional government, as well as the level of compliance with the implementation of these policies. This study aims to examine the institutional integration in the management of regional marine conservasion areas through an analysis of three institutional levels: constitutional, collective and operational. A qualitative method with a policy analysis and descriptive analysis approach was employed. The research was conducted in the villages of Arborek, Yenbuba, and Sawinggrai, Raja Ampat Regency, in October 2022. Data were collected through interviews, observations, focus group discussions, and document analysis. The findings show that institutional integration in the management of marine conservation areas in Raja Ampat Regency has been established. At the constitutional level, institutional integration is reflected in the alignment of regulations concerning the authorities responsible for drafting zoning plans and managing marine conservation areas, as well as the recognition of indigenous people’s authority. At the collective level, institutional integration is manifested in the alignment of cross-sectoral objectives, collaboration among stakeholders, and the involvement of indigenous communities. At the operational level, institutional integration is evident in the consistency of understanding regarding the boundaries of marine conservation area, the enforcement of conservation regulations, and the imposition of sanctions. Policy recommendations that could strengthen institutional integration in the management of marine conservation area in Raja Ampat include: 1) adjusting policies regarding management authority between the central, provincial, and regionak governments; 2) enhancing the institutional capacity of the Maya Indigenous Council by providing financial support, skills, or expertise to support marine conservation programs; 3) adjusting the area of the conservation between the central government,the West Papua Provincial Government and the Raja Ampat Regency government; and 4) marking boundaries in the marine conservation zones.