Kebijakan Implementasi Wing-In-Ground Craft Untuk Pengawasan Perikanan Berkelanjutan di Wilayah Terpencil Indonesia: Integrasi Safety Management dan Pollution Prevention

Abstract

Pengawasan perikanan di wilayah terpencil, terluar, dan perbatasan (3T) Indonesia masih menghadapi tantangan serius akibat luasnya wilayah laut, keterbatasan kapal patroli konvensional, tingginya biaya operasional, lambatnya respons pengawasan, serta maraknya praktik illegal fishing yang merugikan masyarakat pesisir, diperparah oleh keterbatasan teknologi maritime surveillance dan belum memadainya kerangka regulasi untuk adopsi teknologi inovatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang kerangka kebijakan implementasi Wing-in-Ground (WIG) craft sebagai solusi pengawasan perikanan yang efektif dan efisien dengan mengintegrasikan aspek safety management dan pollution prevention guna mendukung keberlanjutan operasional dan pemberdayaan masyarakat pesisir. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif normatif-empiris melalui studi dokumen terhadap standar dan regulasi terkait (IMO MSC.1/Circ.1592, regulasi BKI, dan Surat Edaran Direktorat Jenderal Perhubungan Laut), wawancara mendalam dengan enam pemangku kepentingan kunci, serta Focus Group Discussion dengan pakar kelautan dan perikanan. Hasil penelitian menghasilkan Rancangan Peraturan Menteri sebagai lex specialis yang mengharmonisasikan standar internasional dengan kebutuhan nasional, mencakup risk-based safety assessment, kepatuhan lingkungan, prosedur sertifikasi, serta pembagian kewenangan institusional. Secara operasional, WIG craft  menawarkan kecepatan patroli 150–250 knot (5–7 kali lebih cepat dibanding kapal patroli konvensional), efisiensi bahan bakar 30–40% lebih baik, dan potensi pengurangan emisi CO₂ yang signifikan, sehingga berpotensi menjadi terobosan strategis dalam pengawasan illegal fishing, percepatan konektivitas wilayah terpencil, peningkatan distribusi hasil perikanan, serta penguatan ekonomi masyarakat pesisir di wilayah 3T.

Title: Implementation Policy of Wing-In-Ground Craft for Sustainable Fisheries Surveillance in Indonesia’s Remote Areas: Integration of Safety Management and Pollution Prevention

Fisheries surveillance in Indonesia’s remote, outermost, and border areas (3T) continues to face substantial challenges stemming from vast maritime coverage, the limited capability of conventional patrol vessels, high operational costs, slow response times, and persistent illegal fishing that adversely affects coastal communities, compounded by gaps in maritime surveillance technology and regulatory frameworks for innovative transport solutions. This study aims to design a policy framework for implementing Wing-in-Ground (WIG) craft as an effective and efficient alternative for fisheries surveillance, with an emphasis on integrating safety management and pollution prevention to support sustainable operations and coastal community empowerment. Using a normative-empirical qualitative approach, the research draws on document analysis of relevant international and national regulations (IMO MSC.1/Circ.1592, BKI rules, and Directorate General of Sea Transportation circulars), in-depth interviews with six key stakeholders, and Focus Group Discussions with marine and fisheries experts. The findings result in a draft Ministerial Regulation as a lex specialis that harmonizes international standards with national requirements, encompassing risk-based safety assessment, environmental compliance, certification mechanisms, and institutional authority arrangements. Operationally, WIG craft  offer patrol speeds of 150–250 knots approximately 5–7 times faster than conventional patrol vessels 30–40% higher fuel efficiency, and significant reductions in CO2 emissions, indicating strong potential as a transformative solution for combating illegal fishing, improving connectivity to remote regions, strengthening fisheries distribution, and enhancing the economic resilience of coastal communities in Indonesia’s 3T areas.