THE EFFECTS OF FERMENTED BANANA STEM (Musa paradisiaca) IN REDUCING ECTOPARASITE INFESTATION IN FARMED RED TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus)
Abstract
Tilapia is a widely farmed freshwater fish due to its fast growth and disease resistance. However, ectoparasite infestations hinder its health and growth. Antibiotics are commonly used to treat these parasites, but their negative effects have led to the search for alternatives, such as banana (Musa paradisiaca) stem. This study evaluated the effects of different doses of fermented banana stem on ectoparasite mortality in red tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The experiment included treatments with fermented banana stem at concentrations of 5 g.L⁻¹, 10 g.L⁻¹, and 15 g.L⁻¹, along with a control group. The fish samples were obtained from a goverment owned farming pond facility and a fish market with the average sizes of 10.2 ± 3.8 cm and 7.5 ± 1.3 cm, respectively. Farmed tilapia from the market pond had more ectoparasites compared to the fish collected from the government farming facility. The identified parasites were: Trichodina sp., Dactylogyrus sp., Gyrodactylus sp., Ichtyophtirius multifilis, and Oodinium sp. The result showed that the fermented banana stem had different effective time in eradicating different ectoparasites ranged from 480-840 s for Trichodina sp., followed by 1380-1920 s for Dactylogyrus sp., and 2040-2640 s for Gyrodactylus sp. At concentrations of 10–15 g.L⁻¹, it significantly accelerated parasite mortality and increased tilapia survival rates by up to 80%. This study concludes that bioactive compounds in fermented banana stem effectively treat ectoparasites disease attacks and improve fish health.
Ikan nila merupakan salah satu ikan air tawar yang banyak dibudidayakan karena pertumbuhannya yang cepat dan ketahanannya terhadap penyakit. Namun, infestasi ektoparasit dapat menghambat kesehatan dan pertumbuhannya. Antibiotik umumnya digunakan untuk mengobati jenis parasit ini, tetapi dampak negatifnya mendorong pencarian alternatif, seperti batang pisang (Musa paradisiaca). Penelitian ini mengevaluasi pengaruh berbagai dosis fermentasi batang pisang terhadap mortalitas ektoparasit pada nila merah (Oreochromis niloticus). Percobaan melibatkan perlakuan dengan fermentasi batang pisang pada konsentrasi 5 g.L⁻¹, 10 g.L⁻¹, dan 15 g.L⁻¹, serta kelompok kontrol. Sampel ikan diperoleh dari kolam budidaya milik pemerintah dan pasar ikan, dengan ukuran rata-rata masing-masing 10,2 ± 3,8 cm dan 7,5 ± 1,3 cm. Ikan dari pasar memiliki lebih banyak ektoparasit dibandingkan dengan ikan dari fasilitas pemerintah. Parasit yang teridentifikasi meliputi Trichodina sp., Dactylogyrus sp., Gyrodactylus sp., Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, dan Oodinium sp.. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fermentasi batang pisang memiliki efektivitas waktu berbeda dalam membasmi ektoparasit, berkisar antara 480–840 detik untuk Trichodina sp., 1380–1920 detik untuk Dactylogyrus sp., dan 2040–2640 detik untuk Gyrodactylus sp.. Pada konsentrasi 10–15 g.L⁻¹, fermentasi batang pisang secara signifikan mempercepat kematian parasit dan meningkatkan kelangsungan hidup ikan hingga 80%. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa senyawa bioaktif dalam batang pisang terfermentasi efektif dalam mengobati serangan penyakit akibat ektoparasit dan meningkatkan kesehatan ikan nila.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.19.4.2024.299-314
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