EVALUASI PENGGUNAAN LIMBAH PENDEDERAN IKAN KERAPU BEBEK (Cromileptes altivelis) DENGAN KONSENTRASI BERBEDA SEBAGAI MEDIA KULTUR Spirulina sp. SKALA MENENGAH
Abstract
Limbah pendederan ikan kerapu bebek (Cromileptes altivelis), kaya akan nitrogen (N) dan fosfor (P), berpotensi mencemari lingkungan apabila dibuang tanpa pengolahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan konsentrasi optimal limbah pendederan tersebut sebagai media kultur Spirulina sp. skala menengah. Limbah disaring (filter 25 µm) dan disterilkan menggunakan autoklaf (121°C, 15 menit, 1 atm) pada konsentrasi 10%, 15%, 20% dan 25%. Kultur dilakukan selama 9 hari dalam wadah fiberglass volume 15 L, diinokulasi dengan kepadatan awal 1 x 106 sel mL-1, diaerasi secara terus-menerus, dan diberikan pencahayaan. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga ulangan untuk mengevaluasi laju pertumbuhan Spirulina sp., penurunan konsentrasi nitrat dan fosfat, serta parameter kualitas air (suhu, salinitas, pH, dan intensitas cahaya). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan limbah 20% menghasilkan kepadatan tertinggi (6,43 x 106 sel m L-1) dan efisiensi penurunan konsentrasi nitrat sebesar 96,0% (dari 5,99 ± 0,13 mg L-1 menjadi 0,24 ± 0,05 mg L-1) dan penurunan fosfat sebesar 67,7% (dari 6,66 ± 0,34 mg L-1 menjadi 2,15 ± 0,32 mg L-1). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa limbah pendederan C. altivelis yang disterilisasi efektif digunakan sebagai media kultur Spirulina sp. skala menengah, dengan konsentrasi 20% memberikan hasil pertumbuhan, efisiensi penyerapan nutrien, dan kestabilan kualitas air terbaik, sehingga berpotensi diterapkan sebagai strategi bioremediasi berkelanjutan dalam konsep akuakultur sirkular.
Effluent from humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis) nursery operations is rich in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), posing a risk of environmental pollution if discharged untreated. This study aimed to determine the optimal concentration of humpback grouper nursery effluent as a rearing medium for Spirulina sp. cultured at an intermediate scale. The effluent was filtered (25 µm) and sterilized using an autoclave (121°C, 15 minutes, 1 atm) at concentrations of 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. Spirulina sp. was cultured at an initial density of 1 x 106 cells mL-1 in 15-L fiberglass tanks that were continuously aerated and illuminated for 9 days. A completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications was used to evaluate the growth rate of Spirulina sp., the reduction of nitrate and phosphate concentrations, and water quality parameters (temperature, salinity, pH, and light intensity). Results showed that the 20% wastewater produced the highest cell density (6.43 × 10⁶ cells mL-1) and achieved a nitrate concentration reduction efficiency of 96.0% (from 5.99 ± 0.13 mg L-1 to 0.24 ± 0.05 mg L-1) and a phosphate reduction of 67.7% (from 6.66 ± 0.34 mg L-1 to 2.15 ± 0.32 mg L-1). This study demonstrated that sterilized effluent from humpback grouper nursery can be used as the rearing medium for Spirulina sp. cultured at an intermediate scale, with a 20% concentration providing optimal growth, nutrient removal efficiency, and stable water quality, thereby supporting its potential use as a sustainable bioremediation and circular aquaculture strategy.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.20.2.2025.181-194
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