RESPONS IMUN UDANG VANAME PADA SISTEM BIOFLOK DENGAN KEPADATAN BERBEDA TERHADAP INFEKSI Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Widanarni Widanarni, Iin Nur Fadilah, Nadia Cahyawati, Munti Yuhana, Sukenda Sukenda, Muhamad Gustilatov
Abstract
Budidaya udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) pada kepadatan tinggi meningkatkan stres dan risiko infeksi bakteri, khususnya Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Teknologi bioflok (BFT) melalui penambahan karbon organik dapat meningkatkan biomassa mikroba heterotrof yang memperbaiki respons imun dan menurunkan virulensi bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis respons imun dan resistansi udang yang dipelihara dengan padat tebar berbeda dalam sistem bioflok terhadap infeksi V. parahaemolyticus. Udang (0,44±0,02 g) dipelihara selama 7 hari sebanyak 16 perlakuan hasil kombinasi sistem bioflok dan kontrol (tanpa bioflok) dengan kepadatan 4, 8, 12, dan 16 ekor L-¹, lalu diuji tantang melalui perendaman dengan dosis V. parahaemolyticus 10u CFU mL-¹ dimulai sejak awal perlakuan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa sistem bioflok meningkatkan parameter imun udang, termasuk total hemocyte count (THC), aktivitas fagositik (AF), respiratory burst (RB), dan aktivitas phenoloxidase (PO) secara signifikan (P<0,05) dibandingkan kontrol. Kelimpahan V. parahaemolyticus di air dan tubuh udang perlakuan bioflok lebih rendah dan berbeda signifikan (P<0,05) dengan kontrol positif. Bioflok juga meningkatkan tingkat kelangsungan hidup, dengan nilai pada kepadatan 4 ekor L-¹ (83,33±5,77%), dan tetap lebih baik dibandingkan kontrol hingga kepadatan 16 ekor L-¹. Sistem bioflok terbukti efektif meningkatkan respons imun, menekan infeksi V. parahaemolyticus, dan mempertahankan kelangsungan hidup udang vaname pada kepadatan tinggi.
Keywords
Bioflok, padat tebar, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, udang vaname
DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/ma.20.2.2025.51-61
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1907-6762 e-ISSN
2502-9460