ANALISIS FAKTOR TEKNIS DAN SOSIAL EKONOMI DALAM KEBERHASILAN BUDIDAYA UDANG VANAME DI BERBAGAI WILAYAH INDONESIA
Abstract
Udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan di sektor perikanan budidaya Indonesia dengan potensi ekonomi yang besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor teknis dan sosial ekonomi yang memengaruhi keberhasilan budidaya udang vaname di berbagai wilayah Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan multisitus, dimana data dikumpulkan dari 12 lokasi budidaya di Indonesia melalui laporan resmi produksi, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup (Survival Rate/SR). Selain itu, aspek sosial ekonomi seperti pelatihan teknis, akses modal, dan dukungan kelembagaan juga dianalisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya variasi signifikan antar lokasi dalam produksi, efisiensi pakan, dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup, yang dipengaruhi oleh praktik manajemen usaha serta faktor sosial ekonomi. Efisiensi pakan dan pengelolaan kualitas air terbukti sebagai faktor teknis utama yang mendukung keberhasilan budidaya, sementara pelatihan dan dukungan kelembagaan menjadi faktor sosial ekonomi yang memperkuat produktivitas dan keberlanjutan usaha. Penelitian ini menegaskan pentingnya integrasi faktor teknis dan sosial ekonomi serta pendekatan manajemen yang adaptif untuk mendukung keberhasilan budidaya udang vaname di Indonesia.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Agustin, A. R., & Sari, P. D. W. (2023). Intensive enlargement management of vannameii shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in Banyuwangi. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1273(1), 12056.
Aji, J. M. M., & Supriono, A. (2018). Analisis komparatif usaha budidaya udang vaname tambak tradisional dengan tambak intensif di Kabupaten Situbondo. Jurnal Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 2(4), 255–266.
Akbarurrasyid, M., Tarigan, R. R., & Pietoyo, A. (2020). Analisis Keberlanjutan Usaha Budidaya Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) Di Teluk Cempi, Dompu Nusa Tenggara Barat (Analysis of Shrimp Vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) Farming Business Sustainability In The Cempi Bay, Dompu West Nusa Tenggara). Saintek Perikanan: Indonesian Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology, 16(4), 250–258.
Amelia, F., Yustiati, A., & Andriani, Y. (2021). Review of Shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931)) Farming in Indonesia: Management Operating and Development. https://consensus.app/papers/review-of-shrimp-litopenaeus-vannamei-boone-1931-farming-amelia-yustiati/215a4c4d1cc45a268ab26ba09f73a30a/
Ariadi, H., Syakirin, M. B., Pranggono, H., Soeprapto, H., & Mulya, N. A. (2021). Kelayakan Finansial Usaha Budidaya Udang Vaname (L. vannamei) POLA Intensif Di PT. Menjangan Mas Nusantara, Banten. AKULTURASI: Jurnal Ilmiah Agrobisnis Perikanan, 9(2), 240–249.
Chusnul, D. Z., Januar, J., & Soejono, D. (2010). Kajian Sosial Ekonomi Usaha Budidaya Udang Vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) di Desa Dinoyo Kecamatan Deket Kabupaten Lamongan. JSEP (Journal of Social and Agricultural Economics), 4(1), 15–23.
Farionita, I. M., Murti, J., Aji, M., Supriono, A., Program, M., Agribisnis, S., Pertanian, F., Jember, U., Program, D., Agribisnis, S., Pertanian, F., & Jember, U. (2018). Analisis Komparatif Usaha Budidaya Udang Vaname Tambak Tradisional Dengan Tambak Intensif Di Kabupaten Situbondo. Jurnal Ekonomi Pertanian Dan Agribisnis, 2(4), 255–266.
Farkan, M., Samsuharapan, S. B., Panjaitan, A. S., Nurraditya, L., & Prabowo, D. H. G. (2024). Comparison of Business Feasibility, Profits, and Production of Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus Vannamei) Boone Aquaculture Industry, 1931 in Indonesia Ponds. ECSOFiM (Economic and Social of Fisheries and Marine Journal), 12(1), 138–146.
Fry, J., Mailloux, N., Love, D., Milli, M., & Cao, L. (2018). Feed conversion efficiency in aquaculture: do we measure it correctly? Environmental Research Letters, 13. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aaa273
Haris, A. T. L. P. L. (2019). Analisis efisiensi usaha tambak udang vannamei litopaneaus vannamei di Kabupaten Takalar. SKetsa Bisnis, 6(1), 35–42.
Hasan, M., & Soto, D. (2017). Improving feed conversion ratio and its impact on reducing greenhouse gas emissions in aquaculture. https://consensus.app/papers/improving-feed-conversion-ratio-and-its-impact-on-reducing-hasan-soto/6bdc5173011a508c83ad7b7339c8f86f/
Husni, E., Aisyah, S., & Uzra, M. (2023). Analysis of The Socio-Economic Impact Of The Vannamei Shrimp (Litoanaeus Vannamei) Fishery Business Activities On Local Communities In Padang Pariaman Regency. International Journal of Progressive Science and Technology, 38(2), 245–251.
Iskandar, A., Rizki, A., Hendriana, A., Darmawangsa, G. M., Abuzzar, A., Khoerullah, K., & Muksin, M. (2021). Manajemen Pembenihan Udang Vaname Litopenaeus vannamei di PT Central Proteina Prima, Kalianda, Lampung Selatan. Jurnal Perikanan Terapan, 2(1).
Lukman, K., Uchiyama, Y., & Kohsaka, R. (2021). Sustainable aquaculture to ensure coexistence: Perceptions of aquaculture farmers in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Ocean & Coastal Management, 213, 105839. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.OCECOAMAN.2021.105839
M, M., Napitupulu, D., Zulgani, Z., & Zamzami, Z. (2024). Enhancing Technical Efficiency in Aquaculture: A Bibliometric Analysis and Literature Review. Nomico. https://doi.org/10.62872/pf1any71
Minh-Thu, P., Sang, H. M., Thao, L. T. T., Hieu, N. M., Tram, D. T. T., Ngoc, D. T. H., & Mien, P. T. (2023). A SWOT Analysis of Aquaculture for Sustainable Management in Coastal Waters of Ba Ria – Vung Tau Province, Vietnam. Asian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Research. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajfar/2023/v25i4690
Paena, M., Mustafa, A., Taukhid, I., Ratnawati, E., Asaf, R., Athirah, A., & Syaichudin, M. (2025). Role model of environmental governance to support the development of high-tech whiteleg shrimp ponds (Litopenaeus vannamei). Aquaculture International, 33(1), 1–21.
Pang, H., Wang, G., Zhou, S., Wang, J., Zhao, J., Hoare, R., Monaghan, S., Wang, Z., & Sun, C. (2019). Survival and immune response of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei following single and concurrent infections with WSSV and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Fish & Shellfish Immunology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.039
Pramudia, Z., Faqih, A. R., & Kurniawan, A. (2022). Analysis of Growth and Water Quality Dynamics in White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Cultivation Using the Millennial Shrimp Farming System in Indonesia. Journal Eco. Env. & Cons, 28(2), 664–671.
Rimmer, M., Sugama, K., Rakhmawati, D., Rofiq, R., & Habgood, R. (2013). A review and SWOT analysis of aquaculture development in Indonesia. Reviews in Aquaculture, 5, 255–279. https://doi.org/10.1111/RAQ.12017
Salin, K., & Ataguba, G. (2018). Aquaculture and the Environment: Towards Sustainability. 1–62. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73257-2_1
Stone, N., Engle, C., Kumar, G., Li, M., Hegde, S., Roy, L., Kelly, A., Dorman, L., & Recsetar, M. (2024). Factors affecting feed conversion ratios in US commercial catfish production ponds. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society. https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.13053
Stone, N. M., Engle, C. R., Kumar, G., Li, M. H., Hegde, S., Roy, L. A., Kelly, A. M., Dorman, L., & Recsetar, M. S. (2024). Factors affecting feed conversion ratios in US commercial catfish production ponds. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 55(3), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.13053
Taylor, M., & Kluger, L. (2018). Aqua- and Mariculture Management: A Holistic Perspective on Best Practices. 659–682. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60156-4_34
Toruan, F. L., & Galina, M. (2023). Internet of things-Based automatic feeder and monitoring of water temperature, PH, and salinity for Litopenaeus Vannamei shrimp. Jurnal ELTIKOM: Jurnal Teknik Elektro, Teknologi Informasi Dan Komputer, 7(1), 9–20.
Wati, L. A. (2018). Analyzing the development of Indonesia shrimp industry. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 137, 12101.
White, P. (2014). Environmental consequences of poor feed quality and feed management. https://consensus.app/papers/environmental-consequences-of-poor-feed-quality-and-feed-white/8efa3cca302d50558d638b18cb15e47c/
Wibawa, I. S., Dasipah, E., & Mulyana, T. (2024). The Influence Socio-Economic and Managerial Factors of Farmers on the Succes of Agroforestry Model Farming Agrisilviculture Pattern. Journal of Sustainable Agribusiness. https://doi.org/10.31949/jsa.v3i2.11665
Yue, K., & Shen, Y. (2022). An overview of disruptive technologies for aquaculture. Aquaculture and Fisheries, 7(2), 111–120. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aaf.2021.04.009
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/marlin.V6.I2.2025.73-86
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
View My Stats
P-ISSN: 2716-120X
E-ISSN: 2715-9639
