EVALUASI KESESUAIAN KUALITAS AIR TAMBAK BUDIDAYA UDANG VANAME SUPRAINTENSIF DENGAN STANDAR OPTIMUM (STUDI KASUS DI DESA JALANGE, KECAMATAN MALLUSETASI, KABUPATEN BARRU, SULAWESI SELATAN)

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kesesuaian parameter kualitas air pada tambak udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) sistem supraintensif di Desa Jalange, Kecamatan Mallusetasi, Kabupaten Barru, Sulawesi Selatan. Pengamatan dilakukan selama satu siklus pemeliharaan (104 hari) pada kolam berukuran 900 m² dengan padat tebar 600 ekor/m². Parameter kualitas air yang diamati meliputi fisika (suhu, kecerahan, ketinggian air, warna air, dan cuaca), kimia (pH, salinitas, oksigen terlarut, amonium, amonia, nitrit, nitrat, fosfat, hidrogen sulfida dan total bahan organik), dan biologi (total bakteri dan bakteri Vibrio). Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan membandingkan hasil pengukuran terhadap kisaran optimal yang direkomendasikan oleh Permen KP No. 75 Tahun 2016. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar parameter kualitas air masih berada pada rentang yang mendukung pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup udang, meskipun terdapat beberapa kondisi yang perlu diantisipasi, seperti peningkatan pH pada sore hari. Sementara itu, hasil pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi amonium (NH₄), amonia bebas (NH₃), nitrit (NO₂), dan nitrat (NO₃) mengalami fluktuasi selama masa pemeliharaan, dengan beberapa nilai berada di atas ambang optimal. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa sebagian besar kualitas air tambak masih sesuai untuk budidaya. Namun peningkatan pengawasan dan pengendalian terhadap amonium, nitrat, dan nitrit direkomendasikan untuk mencegah akumulasi senyawa toksik yang berpotensi menghambat performa pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup udang vaname.

This study aimed to analyze the suitability of water quality parameters in a super-intensive white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) pond system located in Jalange Village, Mallusetasi District, Barru Regency, South Sulawesi. Observations were conducted over one production cycle (104 days) in a 900 m² pond stocked at a density of 600 individuals m^-2. The monitored water quality parameters included physical variables (temperature, water transparency, water depth, water color, and weather conditions), chemical variables (pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, ammonium, unionized ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, hydrogen sulfide, and total organic matter), and biological variables (total bacterial count and Vibrio spp.). The data were analyzed descriptively by comparing the measured values with the optimal ranges recommended by the Regulation of the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (Permen KP) No. 75 of 2016. The results showed that most water quality parameters remained within ranges that support shrimp growth and survival, although certain conditions required attention, such as elevated pH levels during the afternoon. Furthermore, the concentrations of ammonium (NH₄), unionized ammonia (NH₃), nitrite (NO₂), and nitrate (NO₃) fluctuated throughout the culture period, with several measurements exceeding the optimal thresholds. In conclusion, the overall water quality of the pond was generally suitable for shrimp culture. However, enhanced monitoring and control of ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate are recommended to prevent the accumulation of toxic compounds that may adversely affect the growth performance and survival of white shrimp.