92 Citations
ANALYSIS OF THE PATHOGENESIS OF Aeromonas hydrophila IN THE AFRICAN CATFISH, Clarias gariepinus AND INVOLVEMENT OF THE TNF-a IN RESPONSE TO THE INFECTION
Abstract
This research aimed to study the pathogenesis of Aeromonas hydrophila infection through two different routes of infection in African catfish and to find out the involvement of TNF-a in response to the infection. The experimental infection model was performed by clipping the caudal fin and immersing the fish in a medium with A. hydrophila and by intramuscular injection. Total plate count were used to investigate total and the distribution of A. hydrophila in the organs and TNF-a were observed using immune histochemistry. The results showed that the two types of infection were able to show typical A. hydrophila symptoms in experimental fish. Histological observation indicated that the two types of experimental infection resulted in systemic aeromoniasis infection. Total bacterial count results showed that A. hydrophila were detected three hours post-infection (hpi) in all organs, except for the kidney, in which detection started since hour 0, both in control and challenge fish. TNF-a were detected in all experimental fish and influenced by the number of bacteria, the function and tissue structure and of the organs. It can be concluded that artificial infection by clipping the caudal fin of Clarias gariepinus and immersing the fish in a medium with active A. hydrophila isolates cause systemic aeromoniasis infection in organs. Acute infection with Aeromonas hydrophila causes an increase in TNF-a production.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abbas, A.K., Litchman, A.H., & Pillai, S. (2017). Cellular and molecular immunology. 9th ed., Elsevier.
Adams, A. & de Mateo, M.M. (1994). Immunohistochemical detection of fish pathogens. In Techniques in Fish Immunology 3 (J.S. Stolen, T.C. Fletcher, S.L. Kaattari & A.F. Rowley, eds), p. 133-144.
Afifi, S.H., Al-Thobiati, S., & Hazaa, M.S. (2000). Bacteriological and histopathological studies on Aeromonas hydrophila infection of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from ûsh farms in Saudi Arabia. Assiut. Vet. Med. J., 42, 195-205.
Agius, C. & Roberts, R.J. (2003). Melano macrophage centres and their role in fish pathology. Journal of Fish Diseases, 26, 499-509.
Al-Yahya, S.A., Ameen, F., Al-Niaeem, K,S., Al-Sa’adi, B.A., & Mostafa, A.A. (2018). Histopathological studies of experimental Aeromonas hydrophila in fection in blue tilapia, Oreochromis aureus. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 25(1): 182-185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.10.019.
Assefa, A. & Abunna, F. (2018). Maintenance of fish health in aquaculture: Review of 342 epidemiological approaches for prevention and control of infectious disease of fish. Vet. Med. International, 343, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/5432497.
Bermúdez, R., Vigliano, F., Marcaccini, A., Sitjà-Bobadilla, A., Quiroga, M., & Nieto, J. (2006). Response of Ig-positive cells to Enteromyxumscophthalmi (Myxozoa) experimental infection in turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.): A histopathological and immunohistochemical study. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 21, 501-12.
Boehm, T., Hess, I., & Swann, J.B. (2012). Evolution of lymphoid tissues. Trends in Immunology, 33, 315-21.
Coscelli, G.A., Bermúdez, R., Losada, A.P., & Faílde, L.D. (2014). Acute Aeromonas salmonicida infection in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) histopathological and immunohistochemical studies. Aquaculture, 430, 79-85.
Coscelli, G., Bermúdez, R., Ronza, P., Losada, A.P., & Quiroga, M.I. (2016). Immunohistochemical study of inducible nitric oxide synthase and tumour necrosis factor alpha response in turbot (Scophthalmus Maximus) experimentally infected with Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, Fish and Shellfish Immunology, doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.07.022.
Czarniecki, C.W. (1993). The role of tumor necrosis factor in viral disease. Antiviral Res., 22, 223-58.
Doukas, V., Athanassopoulou, F., Karagouni, E., & Dotsika, E. (1998). Aeromonas hydrophila infection in cultured sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L., and Puntazzo puntazzo cuvier from the Aegean Sea. Journal of Fish Diseases, 21, 317- 320.
Falco, A., Frost, P., Miest, J., Pionnier, N., Irnazarow, I., & Hoole, D. (2012). Reduced fed with β-glucan supplements. Inflammator y response to Aeromonas salmonicida infection in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 32, 1051-7.
Fast, M., Tse, B., Boyd, J., & Johnson, S. (2009). Mutations in the Aeromonas salmonicida subsp salmonicida type III secretion system affect Atlantic salmon leucocyte activation and downstream immune responses. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 27, 721-8.
Forlenza, M., Fink, I.R., Raes, G., & Wiegertjes, G.F.(2011). Heterogeneity of macrophage activation in ûsh. Developmental and Comparative Immunology, 35, 1246-1255.
Grizzle, J.M. & Kiryu, Y. (1993). Histopathology of gill, liver, and pancreas, and serum enzyme levels of channel catfish infected with Aeromonas hydrophila complex. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, 5, 36-50.
Hal, A.M. & El-Barbary, M.I. (2020). Gene expression and histopathological changes of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) infected with Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas fluorescens. Aquaculture, 526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735392.
Hong, S., Li, R., Xu, Q., Secombes, C.J., & Wang, T. (2013). Two types of TNF- á exist in teleost fish: phylogeny, expression, and bioactivity analysis of type-II TNF- in rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. The Journal of Immunology, 191, 5959-72.
Hwang, S.D., Shim, S.H., Kwon, M.-G., Chae, Y.S., Shim, W.J., Jung, J.-H., Kim, J.-W., Park, C.-I. (2014). Molecular cloning and expression analysis of two lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF- factors (LITAFs) from rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 36, 467-474.
Ishibe, K., Yamanishi, T., Wang, Y., Osatomi, K., Hara, K., Kanai, K., Yamaguchi, K., & Oda, T. (2009). Comparative analysis of the production of nitricoxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-) from macrophages exposed to high virulent and low virulent strains of Edwardsiella tarda. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 27, 386-9.
Janda, J.M. & Abbott, S.L. (2010). Pathogenicity and infection: Taxonomy Aeromonas the genus. Clin Microbiol Rev., 23(1), 35-73. doi: 10.1128/
CMR.00039-09.
Jiang, Q., Chen, W., Qin, Y., Huang, L., Xu, X., Zhao, L., & Yan, Q. (2017). AcuC, a histone deacetylase, contributes to the pathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila. Microbiology, 6(4), e00468. https:// doi.org/10.1002/mbo3.468.
Kadowaki, T., Harada, H., Sawada, Y., Kohchi, C., Soma, G.-I., & Takahashi, Y. (2009). Two types of tumor necrosis factor alpha in blue fin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) genes: Molecular cloning and expression profile in response to several immunological stimulants. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 27, 585-94.
Leknes, I.L. (2007). Melano-macrophage centres and endocytic cells in kidney and spleen of pearl gouramy and platyfish (Anabantidae, Poeciliidae:
Teleostei). Acta Histochemica, 109, 164-8.
Madigan, M.T., Martinko, J.M., & Parker, J. (2011). Brock biology of microorganisms. 13th ed. USA: Prentice-Hall Inc.
Nya, E.J. & Austin, B. (2011). Development of immunity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) to Aeromonas hydrophila after the dietary application of garlic. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 30, 845-50.
Press, C.McL. & Evensen, Ø. (1999). The morphology of the immune system in teleost fish. Fish andShellfish Immunology, 9, 309-18.
Rauta, P.R., Nayak, B., & Das, S. (2012). Immune system and immune responses in fish and their role in comparative immunity study: A model for higher organisms. Immunology Letters, 148, 23-33.
Ronza, P., Bermúdez, R., Losada, A.P., Sitjà-Bobadilla, A., Pardo, B.G., & Quiroga, M.I. (2015). Immunohistochemical detection and gene expression of TNF - in turbot (Scophthalmus Maximus) enteromyxosis. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 47, 368-76.
Ronza, P., Losada, A.P., Coscelli, G.A., Faílde, L.D., Sancho, A.R., & de Azevedo, A.M. (2013). Expression of TNF- in Teleost Fish: An Immuno-
histochemical Study. Journal of Comparative Pathology. 148:55.
Reimchen, T.E. & Temple, N.F. (2004). Hydrodynamic and phylogenetic aspects of the adipose fin in fishes. Can. J. Zool., 82, 910-916.
Rebl, A., Siegl, E., Köllner, B., Fischer, U., & Seyfert, H.-M. (2007). Characterization of twin toll-like receptors from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Evolutionary relationship and induced expression by Aeromonas salmonicida salmonicida. Developmental and Comparative Immunology, 31, 499-510.
Roca, F.J., Mulero, I., López-Muñoz, A., Sepulcre, M.P., Renshaw, S.A., & Meseguer, J. (2008). Evolution of the inflammatory response in vertebrates: Fish TNF-á is a powerful activator of endothelial cells but hardly activates phagocytes. The Journal of Immunology, 181, 5071-81.
Shoemaker, C.A., Mohammed, H,, Bader, T.J., Peatman, E., & Beck, B.H. (2018). Bath vaccination with an inactivated virulent Aeromonas hydrophila bacterin protects hybrid catfish (Ictalurus punctatus x Ictalurus furcatus) from motile Aeromonas septicemia. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 82, 239-242. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.08.040.
Svendsen Y.S., Dalmo, R.A., & Bøgwald, J. (1999). Tissue localization of Aeromonas salmonicida in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., following experimental challenge. Journal of Fish Diseases, 22, 125-31.
Wellmer, A., Gerber. J., Ragheb, J., Zysk, G., Kunst, T., Smirnov, A., Bruck, W., Nau, R. (2001). Effect of deficiency of tumor necrosis factor alpha or
both of its receptors on Streptococcus pneumonia central nervous system infection and peritonitis. Infect. and Immun., 69(11), 6881-6886. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.69.11.6881-6886.2001.
Yambot, A.V. (1998). Isolation of Aeromonas hydrophila from Oreochromis niloticus during fish disease in Filiphina. Asian Fisheries Science, 10, 347-354.
Yardimci, B. & Aydin, Y. (2011). Pathological findings of experimental Aeromonas hydrophila infection in nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg., 58, 47-54.
Zhang, D., Xu, D., & Shoemaker, C. (2016). Experimental induction of motile Aeromonas septicemia in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) by waterborne challenge with virulent Aeromonas hydrophila. Aquaculture Reports, 3, 18-23.
Zhang, A., Chen, D., Wei, H., Du, L., Zhao, T., & Wang,
X. (2012). Functional characterization of TNF-in grass carp anterior kidney leukocytes: Induction and involvement in the regulation of NF-κB signaling. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 33, 1123-32.
Zhu, L.Y., Nie, L., Zhu, G., Xiang, L.X., Shao, J.Z. (2013). Advances in research of fish immune-relevant genes: A comparative overview of innate
and adaptive immunity in teleosts. Developmental and Comparative Immunology, 39, 39-62.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/iaj.17.1.2022.73-85
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Indonesian Aquaculture Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
_25.jpg)
