PENGAWASAN DAN PENGENDALIAN SUMBER DAYA GENETIK IKAN DI INDONESIA: IMPLEMENTASI UNDANG-UNDANG RI NOMOR 21 TAHUN 2019
Abstract
Pemerintah telah mengesahkan Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2019 yang mengatur tentang karantina hewan, ikan dan Tumbuhan. UU ini merupakan penyempurnaan dari peraturan sebelumnya yang dinilai sudah tidak relevan dengan kondisi terkini terutama terkait penerapan bioteknologi modern yang telah banyak diaplikasikan di bidang perikanan. Salah satu bab penting yang menjadi bagian dalam penyempurnaan UU ini adalah Bab 5 yang membahas tentang pengawasan dan pengendalian produk rekayasa genetik, sumber daya genetik, agensia hayati, jenis asing invasif, tumbuhan dan satwa liar, serta tumbuhan dan satwa langka. Bab 5 dirasa penting dan perlu dikaji lebih mendalam khususnya tentang sumber daya genetika ikan agar petugas di lapangan mampu melaksanakan tugas pengawasan sesui dengan kaidah keilmuwan dan batasan-batasan yang diamanatkan dalam UU No. 21 Tahun 2019. Oleh karena itu di dalam tulisan ini akan diuraikan tentang konsep dan batasan sumberdaya genetik ikan; materi genetik dan konsep keragaman genetik, potensi masalah yang ada.
The government has passed Law No. 21 of 2019 which regulates animal, fish and plant quarantine. This law is a refinement of the previous regulation which was deemed irrelevant to current conditions, especially regarding the application of modern biotechnology which has been widely applied in the fisheries sector. One of the important chapters that is part of the improvement of this Law is Chapter 5 which discusses the supervision and control of genetically engineered products, genetic resources, biological agents, invasive alien species, wild plants and animals, and rare plants and animals. Chapter 5 is considered important and needs to be studied more deeply, especially regarding fish genetic resources so that officers in the field are able to carry out their supervisory duties in accordance with the scientific principles and limits mandated in Law no. 21 of 2019. Therefore, in this paper, the concepts and limitations of fish genetic resources and diverisity, genetic material, potential problems that exist are described.
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