PROSPEK PEMANFAATAN SUMBER DAYA IKAN ENDEMIK DI PERAIRAN UMUM DARATAN ZONA WALLACEA DALAM MENDUKUNG PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT
Abstract
Perairan umum daratan yang meliputi ekosistem danau, waduk, sungai, rawa banjiran dan rawa merupakan Wilayah Pengelolaan Perikanan Republik Indonesia. Zona Wallacea yang meliputi Pulau Sulawesi dan Nusa Tenggara, masing-masing didominasi oleh ekosistem danau dan embung (waduk). Keanekaragaman ikan di perairan umum daratan zona Wallacea sebagian besar termasuk spesies ikan endemik yang tidak ditemukan di perairan Paparan Sunda dan Sahul. Ancaman terhadap kelestarian sumber daya ikan endemik merupakan isu sentral yang harus segera ditanggulangi. Keunikan sumber daya ikan endemik di zona Wallacea memerlukan model pemanfaatan dan pengelolaan tersendiri yang tidak dapat disamakan dengan model pengelolaan sumber daya ikan di Paparan Sunda dan Sahul. Langkah-langkah pengelolaan sumber daya ikan endemik dalam rangka pemanfaatannya bagi pembangunan ekonomi masyarakat meliputi: pemanfaatan sumber daya ikan endemik sebagai ikan hias potensial; pelestarian sumber daya ikan endemik melalui penetapan kawasan konservasinya; pengendalian spesies ikan asing invasif; pengembangan pembenihan ikan endemik dan restocking; revitalisasi kearifan lokal dan pengembangan ko-manajemen.
Inlandwaters ecosystems which covering lakes, reservoirs, rivers, swamps and floodplains area is Regional Fisheries Management of Republic of Indonesia. Wallacea zone which includes the island of Sulawesi and Nusa Tenggara dominated by lakes ecosystems and small reservoirs, respectively. Fish diversity in inland waters of Wallacea zone mostly dominated by endemic fish species that are not found in the inlandwaters of Sundaland and Sahulland. The threat to the conservation of endemic fish resources is a central issue that must be addressed. The uniqueness of endemic fish resources in Wallacea zone requires a management models that may not be equal with a management model of fish resources in Sundaland or Sahulland. A management measure of endemic fish resources in Wallacea zone for economic development of the society should include: utilization of endemic fish resources as an ornamental fish potential; preservation of endemic fish resources through the establishment of conservation areas; controlling invasive alien species; development of endemic fish hatcheries and restocking; revitalization of local knowledge and the development of fisheries co-management.
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PDFDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jkpi.6.1.2014.43-53
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