KEBERLANJUTAN PERIKANAN RAJUNGAN INDONESIA: PENDEKATAN MODEL BIOEKONOMI
Abstract
Perikanan Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) di Indonesia memberikan devisa sebesar US$ 246,14 juta dari ekspor pada tahun 2015 dan menghidupi 65.000 nelayan dan 130.000 pengupas rajungan di Indonesia. Berdasar nilai strategisnya ini, pemanfaatan perikanan rajungan perlu memperhatikan asas keberlanjutan sumber daya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisa keberlanjutan pemanfaatan sumberdaya rajungan di Indonesia menggunakan model bioeokomi dari data hasil tangkapan rajungan di Wilayah Pengelolaan Perikanan (WPP) RI tahun 1977-2014. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan sumberdaya rajungan di Indonesia memberikan rente ekonomi yang tinggi pada kondisi Maksimum Sustainale Yield (MSY) dan Maksimum Economic Yield (MEY) sedangkan pada rezim open access (OA) tidak memberikan rente ekonomi. Mengacu pada hasil penelitian maka pengaturan pemanfaatan sumberdaya rajungan dengan upaya dan produksi yang mendekati batas MEY diharapkan dapat menjamin keberlanjutan usaha rajungan baik secara biologi maupun ekonomi. Adapun pemanfaatan secara open access (OA) hendaknya dibatasi atau dihindari karena kondisi ini tidak dapat menjamin berkelanjutan perikanan rajungan baik secara biologi maupun ekonomi.
The Blue Swimming Crab (BSC, Portunus pelagicus) fishery in Indonesia provides revenue of US$ 246.14 million rom exports in 2015 and supports 65,000 fishermen and 130,000 pickers in Indonesia. Based on this value, the harvest of BSC fishery should consider the principle of resource sustainability. This study aims to analyze the sustainability of utilization of crab resources in Indonesia using bioeocomic model applied to the BSC catch data from all Fisheries Management Areas (FMA) in Indonesia from year 1977 until 2014. The results show that BSC harvest in Indonesia gives high economic rents under the conditions of Maximum Sustainale Yield (MSY) and Maximum Economic Yield (MEY) while the open access regime does not provide any economic rents. Referring to the results of the study, the arrangement of utilization of crab resources with efforts and production close to the limit of MEY is to be expected to ensure the continuity of the crab business both biologically and economically. The direction toward open access should be limited or avoided because this condition will lead to the unsustainable practices of the BSC fishery both biologically or economically.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jkpi.9.2.2017.71-83
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