Penguatan Kelembagaan Korporasi Pembudidaya Tambak Udang dan Ikan di Kawasan Pertambakan di Indonesia

Nensyana Shafitri, Radityo Pramoda, Sumaryanto Sumaryanto, Saptana Saptana, Budi Wardono, Muhammad Pahlevi Yamani, Dadan Permana, Armen Zulham, Adhita Sri Prabakusuma, Dongqi Shi

Abstract


Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh lambatnya pembentukan korporasi pada kawasan pertambakan di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian adalah: (i) melakukan pemetaan keragaman penguasaan luasan tambak di berbagai pulau dan provinsi dalam kaitannya dengan pengembangan korporasi; (ii) mengidentifikasi peran komponen kelembagaan korporasi pertambakan; (iii) menyusun strategi pengembangan kelembagaan korporasi tambak di Indonesia, yang dituangkan pada model generic korporasi petambak untuk kawasan tambak dengan luas minimal 100 hektar. Pendekatan metodologis yang diterapkan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan analisis
statistik deskriptif. Data Sensus Pertanian 2013 (jumlah sampel 138.865 responden) dan data hasil survey
tahun 2023 di Kabupaten Brebes dan Kabupaten Indramayu (100 responden) digunakan untuk menjawab hipotesis penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan korporasi pembudidaya tambak dapat dibentuk pada beberapa lokasi di provinsi tertentu, dengan lima komponen korporasi walaupun belum berperan. Model generik korporasi pembudidaya tambak tersebut, menjadi basis untuk membangun bisnis on farm–off farm korporasi dengan memfungsikan lima komponen korporasi pembudidaya tambak melalui prinsip konsolidasi, kolaborasi dan integrasi. Implikasi kebijakan dari hasil penelitian ini adalah relevansi pemahaman bahwa: (i) identifikasi dan pemetaan sebaran petambak dan luas kawasan pertambakan harus ditempatkan sebagai langkah paling awal dalam pengembangan korporasi pada sektor kelautan dan perikanan, (ii) petambak mutlak harus diorganisasikan dalam Gapokkan sehingga dapat mengatasi masalah produksi dan pasar, dan (iii) komponen-komponen korporasi dari model generik merupakan hal yang vital di dalam upaya membangun korporasi pada satu kawasan pertambakan.

 

Tittle: Strengthtening Institution of Shrimp and Fish Farmer Corporates in the Brackish Water Area in Indonesia

This research is motivated by the slow formation of corporations in brackish water areas in Indonesia. The aims of the study were: (i) Mapping the diversity of pond control over various islands and provinces about corporate development; (ii) identifying the role of the institutional components of the aquaculture corporation; (iii) developing a strategy for developing pond corporation institutions in Indonesia, on the generic model of corporation farmers for pond areas with a minimum area of 100 hectares. The methodology of the study is a quantitative approach using descriptive statistical analysis. The answer research hypothesis used Agricultural Census data for 2013 (sample of 138,865 respondents) and survey data for 2023 in Brebes and Indramayu Regencies (100 respondents). The study highlights that pond cultivator corporations can be formed in several locations in certain provinces, with five corporate components, even though they have not played a role yet. The generic model of the pond cultivator corporation is the basis for building a corporate on farm – off farm business by functioning the five components of the pond cultivator corporation through the principles of consolidation, collaboration and integration. The policy implications of the results of this study are the relevance of the understanding that: (i) identification and mapping of the distribution of farmers and the area of brackish water must be placed as the earliest step in corporate development in the Maritime and Fisheries Sector, (ii) absolute farmers must be organized into Gapokkan so that they can overcome production and market issues, and (iii) the corporate components of the generic model are vital in the effort to build a corporation in a brackish water area.


Keywords


model korporasi; kawasan pertambakan; komponen korporasi; bisnis

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jksekp.v13i1.11847

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