PROSES MOBILITAS SOSIAL NELAYAN KECAMATAN PACIRAN (Studi Kasus Komunitas Nelayan di Kecamatan Paciran, Kabupaten Lamongan)

Abstract

Kehidupan sosial nelayan di Kecamatan Paciran bersifat terbuka dan memungkinkan terjadinya mobilitas sosial secara vertikal dan horizontal serta relasi sosial yang terjalin antar nelayan. Mobilitas sosial ini terjadi karena adanya perbedaan modal produksi yang dimiliki oleh nelayan seperti armada dan jenis alat tangkap serta pendapatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji proses mobilitas sosial vertikal dan horizontal nelayan di Kecamatan Paciran. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Data primer dan sekunder diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dokumentasi dan Focus Grup Discussion (FGD). Analisis diskriptif tabulatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, hal yang mendorong nelayan Paciran melakukan mobilitas sosial vertikal keatas yakni karena adanya kemampuan secara finansial (modal) yang didapat dari meminjam kepada patron atau mendapatkan warisan, memiliki keterampilan dan pengetahuan sebagai nelayan serta juga didukung dari segi pendidikan. Sedangkan dalam beberapa kasus ditemui, nelayan mengalami mobilitas sosial vertikal menurun dikarenakan nelayan tersebut mengalami kerugian yang berulang kali dalam hal penangkapan, sehingga tidak memiliki cukup modal untuk melakukan aktivitas penangkapan kembali serta dililit hutang.

Title: Social Mobility Process of Fishers in The Paciran Sub Regency (Case Study of Fishers Community in The Paciran Sub Regency, Lamongan Regency)

The fishers in Paciran District have an open social life allowing for vertical and horizontal social mobility and social relations that exist between the fishers. This social mobility occurs due to variations in production capital such as fishing fleet, types of fishing gear and income. This study aimed to examine the vertical and horizontal social mobility processes of the fishers in Paciran District. This research used a qualitative method with a study approach. The primary and secondary data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, documentation and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Discriptive and tabulatif analysis methods were use in this study. The results showed that upward vertical social mobility impelled by the financial capabilities (capital) which are gained from patron loan or inheritance, good skills and knowledge as a fisher, and education. Meanwhile, some cases showed a downward vertical social mobility due to multiple losses in fishing activities that imposed the fishers to a condition of heavily indebted and lack of capital for more fishing activities.