KOMPARASI IMPLEMENTASI EKONOMI KERAKYATAN DI SEKTOR KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN
Abstract
Makalah ini memuat evaluasi tentang implementasi berbagai kebijakan ekonomi kerakyatan di sektor kelautan dan perikanan di Indonesia, sebagaimana diamanatkan oleh TAP MPR Nomor XVI/MPR/1998. Meski tidak terdukung oleh ketersediaan data dan bersifat sangat umum, pencapaian ekonomi kerakyatan dalam sektor kelautan dan perikanan dapat diukur dan dirinci menurut analisis kurun waktu dengan penggunaan logika, pola dan metode perhitungan yang sama. Dalam penelitian ini, pengukuran pencapaian tersebut dilakukan dengan pendekatan keunggulan komparatif dari tren data pada setiap periode kebijakan menteri. Ada empat skenario evaluasi ekonomi kerakyatan yang diamati, yang diturunkan dari ketentuan TAP MPR tersebut di atas: (i) Skenario A, yang berorientasi pada masyarakat paling bawah dan koperasi melalui pendekatan nilai tukar nelayan dan jumlah ikan yang dijual di Tempat Pelelangan Ikan; (ii) Skenario B, yaitu skenario A yang ditambah dengan elemen perusahaan dalam negeri dan perusahaan lainnya; (iii) Skenario C, yaitu Skenario B yang ditambah dengan komparasi perusahaan asing; (iv) Skenario D, yaitu Skenario C yang ditambah dengan elemen ekspor impor. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa setiap skenario memiliki periode terbaiknya. Skenario A terbaik adalah terjadi pada periode kebijakan tahun 2011-2014. Skenario B dan C terbaik adalah terjadi pada periode kebijakan tahun 2014-2019. Sementara itu, Skenario D terbaik adalah terjadi pada periode kebijakan 2011-2014. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa apabila didukung ketersediaan data, pendekatan ini dapat direplikasi untuk terlaksananya implementasi ekonomi kerakyatan yang lebih baik di Indonesia.
Tittle: Comparative Implementation of People’s Economy in the Marine and Fisheries Sector
This paper reports a bottom-up comparative evaluation of policy implementation on people’s economy in Indonesia as regulated in TAP MPR Number XVI/ MPR /1998. Albeit lack of data, this experiment shows that the achievement of people’s economy’s can be detailed in marine and fishery sector by using similiar time series analysis with the same logic and methodology. The trend’s comparative advantage of statistical data for each ministerial period is calculated. There are four scenarios to achieve multi-goals: (i) The A Scenario, the pro-poor implementation orientation is calculated using the exercise of exchange rate of fishers and the number of fish sold at the Fish Auction Center; (ii) The B Scenario, which is Scenario A added by elements of domestic companies and other companies; (iii) The C Scenario, which is the sum of the B scenario by including the comparison of foreign companies; (iv)The D Scenario, which is the C Scenario plus export and import activities. Each scenario has its best period. The best A scenario was in the 2011-2014 period. The best B and C scenarios were between 2014-2019, and the best D scenario was in the 2011-2014 period. The implication of this research is that if supported by the availability of data, this approach can be replicated for a better implementation of the people’s economy in Indonesia.
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