PENERAPAN REMEDIASI PADA SISTEM BUDIDAYA UDANG DI TAMBAK TANAH SULFAT MASAM (Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Berau, Kalimantan Timur)

Abstract

Remediasi tanah sulfat masam untuk tambak dapat meningkatkan produktivitas tanah yang lebih baik untuk budidaya udang sistem monokultur dan polikultur. Penelitian dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh remediasi tanah pada budidaya udang windu di tambak tanah sulfat masam. Penelitian dilakukan pada tambak milik masyarakat di Pulau Tempurung, Desa Kasai Kecamatan Pulau Derawan Kabupaten Berau Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Karakterisasi tanah untuk mengetahui rona awal tambak tanah sulfat masam dilakukan sebelum budidaya. Prosedur perbaikan tambak tanah sulfat masam diadopsi dari hasil penelitian Balai Riset Perikanan Budidaya Air Payau dan Penyuluhan Perikanan (BRPBAPPP). Remediasi tanah dilakukan dengan tahapan pengolahan tanah, pengeringan dasar tambak, perendaman, dan pembilasan; dan dilanjutkan dengan pengapuran dan pemupukan. Pengapuran tambak menggunakan dolomit dengan dosis 1,0 ton per ha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tambak yang diremediasi menghasilkan udang windu sebanyak 357,15 kg/ha dan tanpa remediasi sebesar 100 kg/ha. Tambak yang diremediasi pada sistem polikultur menghasilkan udang windu 100,9 kg/ha dan ikan bandeng 330 kg/ha. Penerapan teknologi remediasi dasar tanah pada budidaya udang windu sistem monokultur berdasarkan analisis ekonomi sederhana memberi keuntungan sebesar Rp26.828.500,00 /ha/siklus dan BC rasio 4,68. Polikultur udang windu dan bandeng menghasilkan keuntungan sebesar Rp8.800.000,00 /ha/siklus dan BC rasio 2,47.

Remediation of acid sulfate soil pond can increase the productivity of the soil used for shrimp farming with monoculture and polyculture systems. This study was conducted to determine the post effects of soil remediation on tiger shrimp cultured in acid sulfate soil pond. The study was conducted in one of the farms owned by a fish farmer in Tempurung Island, Kasai Village, Derawan District, Berau Regency, East Kalimantan Province. The characteristics of the soil were determined to serve as the baseline information before cultivation. The pond remediation followed the procedures set by the Research Institute for Brackishwater Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension, Maros. The soil reclamation was carried out following the subsequent stages: soil plowing, pond bottom drying, inundation, and flushing; followed by liming and fertilization. Ponds liming used a dolomite dose of 1 ton/ha. The results showed that the remediated acid sulfate soil ponds could produce tiger shrimp up to 357.15 kg/ha while non-remediated ponds only produced up to of 100 kg/ha. The remediated brackish fish pond used for polyculture system could produce tiger shrimp up to 100.9 kg/ha and milkfish up to 330 kg/ha. The application of soil remediation on ponds of tiger shrimp monoculture systems yielded a profit of Rp 26,828,500.00/Ha/cycle and BC ratio of 4.68. For polyculture of tiger shrimp and milkfish, the profit was Rp 8,800,000.00/Ha/cycle and BC ratio of 2.47.