Dinamika Penangkapan Rajungan Pascapandemi Covid-19 di Wilayah Pesisir Kabupaten Cirebon

Abstract

Rajungan merupakan komoditas penting dan bernilai tinggi yang pemanfaatannya berpotensi tidak berkelanjutan jika menggunakan alat tangkap yang tidak ramah lingkungan. Di sisi lain, pandemi covid-19 memberikan pengaruh pada pola permintaan rajungan. Riset ini bertujuan menganalisis dinamika pemanfaatan rajungan, dan mengkaji implementasi aturan terkait pengelolaan rajungan. Riset dilakukan di Kabupaten Cirebon pada bulan Juli 2022. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara terhadap 30 responden nelayan rajungan. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dengan menganalisis status pemanfaatan rajungan pascapandemi covid-19, menjelaskan fakta implementasi aturan terkait pengelolaan rajungan di lapangan. Hasil riset menjelaskan bahwa nilai rajungan yang tinggi telah mendorong nelayan untuk menggunakan berbagai cara agar mendapatkan hasil tangkapan rajungan yang banyak. Penggunaan alat tangkap garuk/trawl dasar makin berkembang dan masif karena efektif dan efisien meskipun cenderung kurang ramah lingkungan. Berbagai permasalahan minimnya pengawasan menjadi salah satu pendorong semakin berkembangnya alat tangkap yang kurang ramah lingkungan seperti garuk yang dapat mengancam keberlanjutan sumber daya rajungan ke depannya. Kebijakan optimalisasi pengawasan berupa pengawasan dan pengendalian baik dari ranah penangkapan ikan maupun pascapanen diharapkan dapat mereduksi penggunaan alat tangkap yang kurang ramah lingkungan. Pembatasan penggunaan alat tangkap rajungan baik dari sisi jumlah armada, alat tangkap, periode penangkapan diharapkan juga bisa dilakukan dengan mempertimbangkan karakteristik alat tangkap dan tren hasil per unit tangkapan/catch per unit effort (CPUE).

Title: The Dynamics of Blue Swimming Crab Catch After the Covid-19 Pandemic in the Coastal Area of Cirebon Regency

Blue swimming crab is an essential and high-value commodity that has the potential to be unsustainable in its utilization if using non-environmentally friendly fishing gear. On the other hand, the Covid-19 pandemic has impacted the pattern of crab demand. This research aims to analyze the dynamics of crab utilization and examine the implementation of regulations related to crab management. The study was conducted in Cirebon Regency in July 2022. Data collection was carried out through interviews with 30 crab fishermen respondents. Data analysis was carried out descriptively by analyzing the status of crab utilization after the Covid-19 pandemic, explaining the facts of the implementation of rules related to crab management in the field. The research results show that the high value of the crab has encouraged fishermen to use various methods to get a lot of crab catches. For example, the use of dredge net is growing and massive because it is effective and efficient, although it tends to be less environmentally friendly. On the other hand, various problems with the lack of supervision have become drivers for developing less ecologically friendly fishing gear, such as raking, which can threaten the sustainability of crab resources in the future. The policy of optimizing supervision in the form of surveillance and control both from the fishing and post-harvest realms is expected to reduce the use of less environmentally friendly fishing gear. Restrictions on the use of crab fishing gear in terms of the number of fleets, fishing gear, and fishing period are also expected to be carried out by considering the characteristics of the fishing gear and the yield trend per unit catch/catch per unit effort (CPUE).