Analisis Rantai Pasok dan Biaya Transportasi Udang Vaname pada Unit Pengolahan di Jakarta Utara

Abstract

Jakarta Utara merupakan salah satu kawasan industri perikanan di Indonesia yang menghasilkan udang olahan sebagai komoditas ekspor. Namun, unit pengolahan ikan (UPI) dihadapkan dengan adanya permasalahan mutu, jumlah, ketersediaan bahan baku, dan transportasi yang memiliki peranan dalam manajemen rantai pasok. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pelaku usaha yang terlibat dalam rantai pasok udang budi daya pada UPI di Jakarta Utara dan biaya transportasi dalam pendistribusian udang. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus–Desember 2019 di Cirebon, Indramayu, Lampung Selatan, Pesawaran, Tanggamus, Kendal, dan Rembang. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskripsi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui survei, observasi, dan wawancara. Penentuan responden menggunakan snowball sampling. Responden awal yang terlibat adalah UPI di Jakarta Utara. Responden dalam penelitian ini meliputi dua orang dari UPI, tujuh orang pemasok, 14 orang pembudi daya, dan lima orang pembenih. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga pelaku usaha yang menyediakan bahan baku udang vaname ke UPI di Jakarta Utara, yaitu unit pembenihan, pembudi daya, dan pengumpul/supplier. Namun masih terdapat unit pembudi daya dan pengumpul yang tidak tersertifikasi. Pemberian reward dan punishment perlu dilakukan untuk menjaga konsistensi mutu udang. Dalam pendistribusiannya, persentase biaya transportasi terhadap harga jual benih udang vaname berkisar 0,08—3,33%, paling tinggi sebesar 3,33%, yaitu pengiriman dari Tanggamus menuju Indramayu/Cirebon. Persentase biaya transportasi terhadap harga jual udang vaname berkisar 0,48—1,39%, paling tinggi sebesar 1,39%, yaitu pengiriman dari Pesawaran menuju Jakarta Utara. Manajemen rantai pasok yang terintegrasi diharapkan dapat menekan biaya transportasi.

Title: Supply Chain and Transportation Cost Analysis of Vaname Shrimp at Processing Plants in North Jakarta

North Jakarta is one of fishery industry areas in Indonesia that supply shrimp products as an export commodity. However, quality, quantity, availability of raw material, and transportation have been the underlined problems in the supply chain management of processing plants. This study aims to identify the involved members of the shrimp supply chain appearing in processing plants in North Jakarta as well as to calculate the transportation costs for the shrimp distribution. The research was conducted from August to December 2019 in Cirebon, Indramayu, South Lampung, Pesawaran, Tanggamus, Kendal, and Rembang. Data were analyzed with descriptive analysis. Data were collected through surveys, observations, and interviews. Snowball sampling is applied to determine the respondents. The initial respondents were the processing plants in North Jakarta. The respondents included two people from the processing plants, seven suppliers, fourteen shrimp farmers, and five breeders. Result of analysis point out the three actors involved in the supply of vaname raw material to the processing plants in North Jakarta, they are breeder, shrimp farmer, and collector/supplier unit. However, there are still uncertified shrimp farmers and collectors. Thus, rewards and punishment are necessary for the consistency of shrimp quality. The percentage of transportation costs to the selling price of vaname seeds is 0.08—3.33% with the highest 3.33% arouse from the shipping from Tanggamus to Indramayu/Cirebon. While, the percentage of transportation costs to the selling price of vaname shrimp is 0.48—1.39%, with the highest 1.39%, arouse from the shipping from Pesawaran to North Jakarta. Therefore, the integrated supply chain management is expected to reduce transportation cost.