KAPASITAS JARINGAN SOSIAL DAN KEBIJAKAN REVITALISASI PELABUHAN PERIKANAN DI PULAU TERDEPAN (Pelajaran dari Revitalisasi Pangkalan Pendaratan Ikan Lugu, di Kabupaten Simeulue)

Abstract

Pembangunan ekonomi pulau terdepan melalui Program Pembangunan Sentra Kelautan dan Perikanan Terpadu (PSKPT) sedang giat dilakukan. Di Kabupaten Simeulue, program PSKPT merupakan program andalan. Dengan program PSKPT ini, infrastruktur perikanan di Pangkalan Pendaratan Ikan (PPI) Lugu di renovasi, harapannya bisnis Lapangan Usaha  Perikanan di Kabupaten Simeulue dapat berkontribusi  pada PDRB Kabupaten Simeulue lebih dari 11,5 %. Oleh sebab itu, revitalisasi PPI Lugu  merupakan salah satu target dari PSKPT Simeulue. Sejak September 2015 infrastruktur di PPI Lugu di renovasi dan  dilengkapi dengan Pabrik Es, Air Blast Frezer, pertokoan dan perkantoran agar akselerasi perekonomian Simeulue terjadi. Namun, akselerasi itu, belum terwujud, karena pemahaman tentang jaringan sosial, pertukaran sosial dalam bisnis perikanan di Simeulue kurang dicermati. Pengamatan tentang hal ini telah dilakukan sejak Januari 2015, dan kajian mendalam tentang  PPI Lugu dilakukan pada bulan April 2016. Kajian ini dilakukan untuk melengkapi data aspek sosial ekonomi dan bisnis perikanan di Kabupaten Simeulue. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan pelajaran, dalam memfungsikan beberapa pelabuhan perikanan di pulau terdepan. Tulisan ini merekomendasikan, operasional  PPI Lugu, dilakukan dalam dua tahap: jangka pendek dengan memberi konsesi pada perusahaan / pengusaha yang memiliki modal dan jaringan pasar yang luas untuk mengelola Cold Storage dan ABF atau Pabrik Es.   Dalam jangka panjang, setelah konsesi berjalan, pada tahun ketiga operasional PPI Lugu diimplementasikan dengan struktur kelembagaan pelabuhan perikanan yang berlaku. 

Title: Social Networking Capacity and  The Policy of Revitalization of Fishing Port  in The Frontier Island (A Lesson From Revitalization of Lugu Fishing Port, in Simeulue Regency)

The economic development of frontier islands through the Integrated Marine and Fisheries Development Program (SKPT) is intensively being carried out. This program is the main activity of Simeulue Regency by renovation of the cold storage, ice factory, air blast freezer, ship dock as well as building market and offices in the  Lugu Fishing Port. The development of infrastructures is expected to encourage the growth of fisheries business, function (revitalization) of the Lugu Fishing Port, and increase the contribution of fisheries business field in the gross regional domestic product of Simeulue. The aim of this report is to understand social network and to find the strategy of the  Lugu Fishing Port revitalization, field observation for the Lugu Fishing Port revitalization was conducted by a quick survey in January 2015 and deep interview about socio economic aspect and fisheries business was conducted on 30 fishers and 3 fish traders (toke bangku)  in April 2016. Data was analyzed descriptive based on economic theory of Handerson and Quant and the sociology-economy theory of Damsar and Indrayani. Results of this study showed that role and capacity of business, social network, and social exchange in fisheries business in Simeulue not used as a references in arranging the policy of the Lugu Fishing Port revitalization. As a result, the fishing port has not functioned until August  2016. This study recommends the operational of  the Lugu Fishing Port to be conducted in two steps: short-term in giving concession to companies/businessman having the fund and wide market network to manage cold storage or ice factory, and long term starting from the third year by operating the fishing port based on the fishing port  organizational structure applied.