ASSESSMENT KLASTER PERIKANAN (STUDI PENGEMBANGAN KLASTER RUMPUT LAUT KABUPATEN SUMENEP)

Armen Zulham, Agus Heri Purnomo, Tenny Apriliani, Yayan Hikmayani

Abstract


Klaster adalah strategi pengembangan wilayah untuk memanfaatkan potensi ekonomi. Wacana klaster perikanan tidak lepas dari strategi tersebut, tujuannya untuk mendorong pengembangan sentra industri perikanan. Penelitian dilakukan bulan Mei 2007 pada lokasi pengembangan rumput laut di Kabupaten Sumenep yang merupakan contoh daerah sasaran pengembangan klaster rumput laut. Tujuan dari kajian ini adalah: i) mengidentifikasi dan mempelajari berbagai karakteristik konsep klaster dalam hubungannya dengan pengembangan industri perikanan; ii) mempelajari karakteristik dan hubungan unit usaha pada sentra perikanan terkait dengan pengembngan klaster perikanan dan iii) merumuskan strategi pengembangan klaster rumput laut di Sumenep. Penelitian dilakukan dengan survey melalui wawancara dengan responden. Responden yang diwawancara meliputi: pejabat pemerintah, pembudidaya rumput laut, pedagang, pengolah dan eksportir rumput laut, pengusaha jasa transportasi dan tokoh masyarakat setempat. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan di Sumenep telah ada komponen-komponen pembentuk klaster rumput laut. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan tejadi konflik horizontal pada usaha perdagangan dan industri pegolahan produk primer menjadi intermediate product. Pada sisi lain hubungan vertikal antar komponen usaha industri rumput laut cenderung mendorong terjadi asimetris informasi terutama antara pembudidaya rumput laut dengan pedagang. Pengkajian ini merekomendasikan kluster rumput laut di Sumenep harus dibangun berdasarkan prinsip: consumer oriented, klaster harus bersifat kolektif, dan kumulatif.

 

Tittle: Assesment of Fisheries Cluster (Development Case of Seaweed Cluster in Sumenep District).

Cluster is a strategy for regional development to support local economic potency. The opinion of fisheries cluster will be developed closed to that strategy, with aiming to establish fisheries industrial complex. Research was conducted in Sumenep (Madura) on May 2007as the target area for the establishment of the fisheries cluster complex. The purposes of this research were: i) to identify and study the fisheries industrial cluster complex characteristics related to the development of fisheries industry, ii) to study the characteristic and pattern linkages among industrial units in fisheries center related to institutional development, and iii) to generate suggested recommendation for seaweed cluster industrial complex in Sumenep district. Data were collected through survey in the respected area; the respondents covered the local government officers, seaweed farmers, seaweed processors, local traders, exporters, local transportation services and local leaders. The research findings were: there were many seaweed industry units in Sumenep which can be used as the main component to organize the establishment of the seaweed industrial cluster complex, in order to get horizontal conflict among traders and seaweed processors were existed the seaweed from the farmers. On the other hand, the vertical relationship among industrial units tend to make asymmetric information on price and product criteria between traders and seaweed farmers. This research recommends the seaweed cluster industrial complex in Sumenep can be developed on the basis of: consumer oriented, collective and cumulative approach.


Keywords


Klaster;Rumput Laut;Hubungan Bisnis;Sumenep

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jsekp.v2i2.5870

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Published by

Research Center for Marine and Fisheries Socio-Economic 
in collaboration with
Indonesian Marine and Fisheries Socio-Economics Research Network

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