ANALISIS RANTAI NILAI IKAN CAKALANG DI KOTA AMBON, MALUKU

Estu Sri Luhur, Risna Yusuf

Abstract


Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji rantai nilai komoditas ikan cakalang sehingga diperoleh
besaran nilai tambah dan tingkat efisiensi pada setiap simpul rantai pasok. Data yang digunakan adalah
data primer dan sekunder dari instansi terkait dan pelaku usaha. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara
kepada responden dengan teknik purposive dan snowball sampling. Data selanjutnya dianalisis dengan
analisis nilai tambah, rantai pasok dan rantai nilai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemasaran
ikan cakalang memiliki tiga saluran distribusi yaitu: (1) dari nelayan ke pedagang pengumpul dan
ke pedagang pengecer; (2) dari nelayan ke pedagang pengumpul kemudian ke pengolah ikan asar,
dan; (3) dari nelayan ke UPI/cold storage. Analisis rantai pasok menunjukkan bahwa ikan cakalang
sebagian besar (50%) didistribusikan ke UPI/cold storage dan sisanya dengan porsi yang sama (25%)
didistribusikan ke pedagang pengecer dan pengolah ikan asar. Analisis rantai nilai menunjukkan bahwa
nilai tambah terbesar dihasilkan pada saluran pemasaran kedua, yaitu sebesar Rp.23.062/kg. Simpul
rantai pasok nelayan cenderung tidak efisien pada ketiga saluran pemasaran. Rekomendasi kebijakan
yang diusulkan: (1) koordinasi dengan Bappeda dan Dinas Perindustrian dan Perdagangan sebagai
upaya pengembangan industrialisasi ikan cakalang; (2) melakukan introduksi dan penyebaran teknologi
pengolahan ikan cakalang dari Balitbang KP dan perguruan tinggi setempat untuk meningkatkan nilai
tambah produk, dan; (3) memperluas akses pasar dengan mengefisienkan sistem distribusi, baik melalui
jalur laut maupun udara.

Title: Value Chain Analysis of Skipjack Tuna in Ambon, Maluku

The purpose of this research was to analyze value chain of skipjack to get a quantity value
and a level of efficiency on each node supply chain. Research was conducted by using the primary
and secondary data from various relevant agencies and businessmen. Data collection was conducted
through interview to respondent with using purposive and snowball sampling technique. Data were
analyzed with value-added, supply chain and value chain analysis. The result showed that there were
three distribution channels of skipjack: (1) fisher’s to broker and to retailers; (2) fisher’s to broker and to
fish processors, and; (3) fisher’s to cold storage. Supply chain analysis showed that mostly of skipjack
(50%) distributed to cold storage and the rest distributed to retailers (25%) and fish processors (25%).
Value chain analysis showed in the second marketing channel has the the largest value added, that is
as 23.062 IDR per kilograms. On the third marketing channel, fisherman tend has an ineffiencent supply
chain. Therefore,there are some recommendations are: (1) doing coordination among Bappeda,industry
and trade office as an effort of developing skipjack industrialization; (2) doing introduction and spread of
processing technology of agency’s research and development of marine affairs and fisheries and local
university to increase value added products, and; (3) expanding market access both of air and sea routes
for having efficient distribution system.



Keywords


rantai nilai; cakalang; industrialisasi; nilai tambah; Ambon

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jsekp.v12i1.6303

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Published by

Research Center for Marine and Fisheries Socio-Economic 
in collaboration with
Indonesian Marine and Fisheries Socio-Economics Research Network

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