MONITORING MANGROVE COVER DYNAMICS FOLLOWING SHRIMP POND EXPANSION USING NORMALIZED DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX (NDVI) ANALYSIS IN BULAKSETRA, PANGANDARAN

Muhammad Romdonul Hakim; Anas Noor Firdaus; Arif Baswantara; Perdana Putra Kelana

doi:10.15578/aj.v7i2.17410

MONITORING MANGROVE COVER DYNAMICS FOLLOWING SHRIMP POND EXPANSION USING NORMALIZED DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX (NDVI) ANALYSIS IN BULAKSETRA, PANGANDARAN

Muhammad Romdonul Hakim, Anas Noor Firdaus, Arif Baswantara, Perdana Putra Kelana

Abstract

The mangrove ecosystem along the coast of Bulaksetra, Pangandaran, West Java, plays a crucial role in mitigating potential tsunami disasters. However, over the last five years, the Bulaksetra mangrove ecosystem area has seen intensive operation of local shrimp ponds, which has negatively impacted the growth and health of the surrounding mangrove stands. This study aims to monitor the changes in mangrove cover from 2020 to 2024 within the Bulaksetra mangrove ecosystem using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. The methodology employed to determine the extent and condition of mangrove cover involves the analysis of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) processed using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. The results indicate significant habitat degradation within the Bulaksetra mangrove ecosystem, evidenced by a 96.94% loss of the Dense canopy class by 2024. This shift in density class is characterized by a transition from the Dense class to the Sparse (54.37%) and Moderate (42.58%) classes, accompanied by a 5.18% decrease in the total mangrove area. Conversely, the area occupied by shrimp ponds has continuously expanded, with a growth rate reaching 1.31 hectares per year. The expansion of shrimp ponds demonstrates a negative correlation with mangrove cover in the Bulaksetra mangrove area during the 2020 – 2024 period.

Keywords

Bulaksetra, mangrove, normalized difference vegetation index, sentinel-2

Full Text:

PDF

References

Arifanti, V. B., Sidik, F., Mulyanto, B., Susilowati, A., Wahyuni, T., Yuniarti, N., Aminah, A., Suita, E., Karlina, E., Suharti, S., Turjaman, M., Hidayat, A., Rachmat, H. H., Imanuddin, R., Yeny, I., Darwiati, W., Sari, N., Hakim, S. S., Slamet, W. Y., & Novita, N. (2022). Challenges and Strategies for Sustainable Mangrove Management in Indonesia : A Review. Forests, 13(695), 1–18.

Beselly, S. M., Grueters, U., Wegen, M. Van Der, Reyns, J., & Dijkstra, J. (2023). Modelling mangrove-mudflat dynamics with a coupled individual-based-hydro-morphodynamic model. Environmental Modelling and Software, 169(2023), 1–25.

Departemen Kehutanan. (2005). Pedoman Inventarisasi dan Identifikasi Lahan Kritis Mangrove. Direktorat Jenderal Rehabilitasi Lahan dan Perhutanan Sosial, Jakarta.

Dharma, F., Aulia, A., Subhan, F., Ridwana, R., & Somantri, L. (2022). Pemanfaatan Citra Sentinel-2 dengan Metode NDVI untuk Perubahan Kerapatan Vegetasi Mangrove di Kabupaten Indramayu. Jurnal Pendidikan Geografi Undiksha, 10(2), 155–165.

Duncan, C., Owen, H. J. F., Thompson, J. R., Koldewey, H. J., Primavera, J. H., & Pettorelli, N. (2018). Satellite remote sensing to monitor mangrove forest resilience and resistance to sea level rise. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 9(8), 1837–1852.

Haris, N. A., Jatmiko, R. H., & Farda, N. M. (2022). Utilization of Optical Image and Radar Image in Identification of Ponds in the Coastal District of Pati, Central Java Province. Jurnal Enviromental Science, 4(2), 125–136.

Huang, X., Fu, Y., Ding, H., Tang, G., Ma, P., Liu, L., Xue, Y., Wu, S., & Chen, Y. (2025). Inter-annual changes and growth trends mapping of mangrove using Landsat time series imagery. GIScience and Remote Sensing, 62(1), 1–25.

Kusmana, C., Rahayu, D., & Ningrum, P. (2016). Tipologi dan Kondisi Vegetasi Kawasan Mangrove Bulaksetra Kabupaten Pangandaran Provinsi Jawa Barat. Jurnal Silvikultur Tropika, 07(2), 137–145.

Nahari, R. V., & Alfita, R. (2017). Classification Sensing Image of Remote Using Landsat 8 through Unsupervised Classification Technique (Case Study of Bangkalan Regency). International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science, 3(8), 878–881.

Pratama, M. R. (2018). Analisis Sebaran dan Kerapatan Mangrove di Teluk Balikpapan. The Indonesian Green Technology Journal, 7(2), 40–46.

Safitri, F., Adrianto, L., & Nurjaya, I. W. (2023). Pemetaan Kerapatan Ekosistem Mangrove Menggunakan Analisis Normalized Difference Vegetation Index di Pesisir Kota Semarang. Jurnal Kelautan Tropis, 26(2), 399–406.

Sari, K., & Soeprobowati, T. R. (2021). Impact of Water Quality Detorioration in Mangrove Forest in Semarang Coastal Area. Indonesian Journal of Limnology, 2(2), 37–48.

Semedi, B., Marjono, M., Savitri, N. L. E., Hikmawati, V. F., Bayuaji, G. D. A. P., Syam’s, N. D. S., & Diza, N. F. (2023). Pemanfaatan Google Earth Engine Untuk Memantau Perubahan Luasan Hutan Mangrove Di Probolinggo. JFMR-Journal of Fisheries and Marine Research, 7(2), 79–87.

Sinabutar, J. J., Sasmito, B., & Sukmono, A. (2020). Studi Cloud Masking Menggunakan Band Quality Assessment, Function of Mask Dan Multi-Temporal Cloud Masking Pada Citra Landsat 8. Jurnal Geodesi Undip, 9(3), 51–60.

Sukojo, B. M., & Arindi, Y. N. (2019). Analisa Perubahan Kerapatan Mangrove Berdasarkan Nilai Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Menggunakan Citra Landsat 8 (Studi Kasus: Pesisir Utara Surabaya). Geoid, 14(2), 1–5.

Sumaryana, A., Utami, S. B., & Pancasilawan, R. (2018). Sosialisasi Model Kolaborasi Dalam Manajemen Bencana Alam Di Kabupaten Pangandaran. Dharmakarya, 7(2), 134–137.

Sunkur, R., Kantamaneni, K., Bokhoree, C., Rathnayake, U., & Fernando, M. (2024). Mangrove mapping and monitoring using remote sensing techniques towards climate change resilience. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 1–14.

Sunkur, R., Kantamaneni, K., Bokhoree, C., & Ravan, S. (2023). Mangroves’ role in supporting ecosystem-based techniques to reduce disaster risk and adapt to climate change: A review. Journal of Sea Research, 196(2023), 1–13.

Van Hespen, R., Hu, Z., Borsje, B., De Dominicis, M., Friess, D. A., Jevrejeva, S., Kleinhans, M. G., Maza, M., van Bijsterveldt, C. E. J., Van der Stocken, T., van Wesenbeeck, B., Xie, D., & Bouma, T. J. (2023). Mangrove forests as a nature-based solution for coastal flood protection: Biophysical and ecological considerations. Water Science and Engineering, 16(1), 1–13.

Yang, X., Wen, R., Qu, M., Zhang, C., Luo, J., Zhu, W., Jiang, T., Liu, X., & Liu, X. (2024). Health assessment of mangrove ecosystem of natural protected areas in Guangdong Province, China. Frontiers in Marine Science, 11(September), 1–20.

Yang, Y., Li, Z., Zhou, N., Lin, Y., Sheng, Q., Thiri, M., & Wang, Y. (2025). Analysis of the causes of N/P imbalance in mangrove water caused by high elevation shrimp ponds. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 1–10.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/aj.v7i2.17410