Efektivitas Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) Untuk Menurunkan Risiko Kegagalan Mesin Kapal Perikanan di PPS Belawan
Abstract
Mesin kapal perikanan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera (PPS) Belawan merupakan komponen strategis dalam operasional penangkapan ikan, namun rentan mengalami kegagalan yang berdampak pada downtime, peningkatan biaya, dan risiko keselamatan awak kapal. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efektivitas penerapan Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) dalam menurunkan risiko kegagalan mesin, mengidentifikasi komponen kritis, serta mengevaluasi strategi pemeliharaan yang sesuai dengan karakteristik operasi kapal perikanan skala kecil dan menengah. Metode penelitian meliputi pengumpulan data primer melalui logbook pemeliharaan dan observasi langsung pada kapal tipe PSPK, analisis Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) untuk menentukan prioritas risiko komponen, serta Logic Tree Analysis (LTA) untuk mengidentifikasi akar penyebab kegagalan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komponen paling kritis secara berurutan adalah sistem pendingin, injektor, aki, gearbox, dan tangki bahan bakar. Strategi pemeliharaan kombinasi, yaitu Time Directed (TD) untuk komponen yang bersifat safety critical dan Condition Directed (CD) untuk komponen dengan degradasi gradual, terbukti efektif dalam menurunkan downtime, meningkatkan keandalan mesin, serta mengoptimalkan biaya pemeliharaan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penerapan RCM berbasis data lapangan mampu menghasilkan rekomendasi pemeliharaan yang kontekstual dan aplikatif, sehingga mendukung operasional kapal yang lebih aman, efisien, dan berkelanjutan.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/psnp.18301
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