Kinetika Curing dan Perilaku Pembentukan IPN pada Blends Termoset Epoksi-Poliester Tak Jenuh Untuk Aplikasi Pelapisan Kapal
Abstract
Campuran resin epoksi–poliester tak jenuh (UP) memiliki potensi sebagai material pelapisan lambung kapal kayu karena dapat mengombinasikan keunggulan mekanik epoksi dan laju curing cepat UP. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh variasi komposisi epoksi–UP terhadap kinetika curing, evolusi gugus fungsi, dan sifat mekanik, serta menentukan komposisi optimum untuk aplikasi pelapisan. Tujuh formulasi Epoksi:UP (100:0 hingga 0:100) dianalisis menggunakan pengukuran curing real-time, FTIR, dan uji kekerasan Shore D. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa penambahan 10% UP menghasilkan profil curing paling stabil, dengan suhu puncak eksoterm moderat dan waktu curing yang terkontrol. Analisis FTIR memperlihatkan konsumsi gugus epoksi dan vinil yang paling seimbang, peningkatan pita –OH dan C–O–C, serta indikasi pembentukan jaringan interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) yang lebih homogen. Pada fraksi UP tinggi, laju curing yang sangat cepat menyebabkan peningkatan viskositas dini, pembatasan mobilitas radikal, dan premature gelation, sehingga jaringan yang terbentuk kurang seragam. Uji kekerasan menunjukkan nilai tertinggi pada sampel EUP-1 dengan komposisi UP sebanyak 10%berat polimer (95.8 HD), menandakan densitas crosslink optimum. Oleh karena itu, komposisi Epoksi + 10% UP direkomendasikan sebagai formulasi terbaik karena memberikan keseimbangan antara laju curing, homogenitas jaringan, dan kekerasan permukaan, sehingga memenuhi kebutuhan performa pelapisan pada lingkungan maritim.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/psnp.18305
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