Analisis Finansial Usaha Jaring Hela Udang Berkantong Dalam Kerangka Penangkapan Ikan Terukur Di WPPNRI 718
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) menganalisis komposisi hasil tangkapan jaring hela udang berkantong (JHUB) pada KM HMJ 8 di WPPNRI 718; (2) menganalisis kelayakan finansial usaha penangkapan dalam kerangka Penangkapan Ikan Terukur (PIT); dan (3) mengidentifikasi masalah utama yang memengaruhi kinerja usaha. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada tahun 2024–2025 di kapal KM HMJ 8 yang berpangkalan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara Ambon dan beroperasi di Laut Aru–Arafura. Data primer diperoleh melalui observasi operasi penangkapan, wawancara, dan pencatatan produksi serta biaya per trip, sedangkan data sekunder berasal dari laporan tahunan pelabuhan dan dokumen perusahaan. Komposisi hasil tangkapan dianalisis secara deskriptif, kelayakan usaha dihitung menggunakan parameter total penerimaan (TR), total biaya (TC), keuntungan, rasio R/C, Return of Investment (ROI), Payback Period (PP), dan Break Even Point (BEP). Identifikasi masalah dilakukan dengan analisis fishbone (Ishikawa) pada kategori man, method, machine, material, dan environment. Hasil menunjukkan total produksi tahunan 93.396 kg dengan komposisi 68% udang penaeid (tiger, banana, ende) dan 32% bycatch ikan demersal serta cephalopoda, menggambarkan selektivitas alat tangkap yang cukup baik. Total penerimaan sebesar Rp17.483.877.500 dan total biaya Rp14.137.830.130 menghasilkan keuntungan bersih Rp3.346.047.370, nilai R/C 1,24, ROI 31,74%, PP 3,15 tahun, serta BEP 7.475 kg atau Rp1.801.665.961. Analisis fishbone mengungkap kelemahan pada kapasitas SDM, sistem pencatatan dan pengambilan keputusan, efisiensi teknis armada, akses permodalan, serta risiko cuaca dan harga, yang secara bersama membatasi kinerja usaha dalam skema PIT.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/psnp.19942
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