Analisis Penurunan Kualitas Pelumas Mesin Induk Kapal Perikanan Berdasarkan Pengukuran Viskositas dan Massa Jenis
Abstract
Sistem pelumasan berperan penting dalam menjaga kinerja dan ketahanan mesin induk kapal penangkap ikan. Pada mesin induk kapal, sistem pelumasan beroperasi secara tertutup dengan komponen dasar yang terdiri dari pompa oli, filter, dan pendingin oli. Viskositas dan densitas merupakan parameter utama yang digunakan untuk menilai penurunan kualitas pelumas mesin induk. Penelitian dilakukan untuk membandingkan viskositas dan densitas pada pelumas baru dan pelumas yang telah digunakan guna mengevaluasi penurunan kualitas pelumas setelah penggunaan. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan metode viskometer Ostwald dan piknometer untuk menentukan viskositas kinematik dan massa jenis pelumas. Viscometer Ostwald digunakan untuk mengukur waktu aliran fluida melalui tabung-U berdasarkan prinsip gravitasi. Metode ini menetapkan hubungan viskositas antara fluida uji (pelumas) dan fluida acuan (air), sesuai dengan rekomendasi ASTM D445. Metode piknometer diterapkan juga untuk mengukur densitas yang sesuai dengan ASTM D1298. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa viskositas pelumas baru berkisar antara 13,69 - 13,77 cSt yang sesuai dengan klasifikasi SAE 40, sementara pelumas yang telah digunakan menunjukkan penurunan viskositas menjadi 10,98 - 11,17 cSt dimana mendekati klasifikasi SAE 30. Penurunan ini menandakan degradasi kualitas pelumas yang dapat berdampak negatif pada kinerja dan umur mesin. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, penggantian pelumas direkomendasikan tidak hanya ditentukan berdasarkan jam operasi atau jarak tempuh, tetapi juga berdasarkan pengukuran viskositas aktual. Hasil ini menegaskan pentingnya memantau kualitas pelumas untuk mencegah kerusakan mesin dan meningkatkan efisiensi operasional kapal.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/psnp.19996
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